PPAR-delta senses and orchestrates clearance of apoptotic cells to promote tolerance.
PPAR-delta senses and orchestrates clearance of apoptotic cells to promote tolerance.
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Macrophages rapidly engulf apoptotic cells to limit the release of noxious cellular contents and to restrict autoimmune responses against self antigens. Although factors participating in recognition and engulfment of apoptotic cells have been identified, the transcriptional basis for the sensing and silently disposing of apoptotic cells is unknown. Here we show that peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-δ (PPAR-δ) is induced when macrophages engulf apoptotic cells and functions as a transcriptional sensor of dying cells. Genetic deletion of PPAR-δ decreases expression of opsonins, such as C1qb, resulting in impairment of apoptotic cell clearance and reduction in anti-inflammatory cytokine production. This increases autoantibody production and predisposes global and macrophage-specific PPARd−/− mice to autoimmune kidney disease, a phenotype resembling the human disease systemic lupus erythematosus. Thus, PPAR-δ plays a pivotal role in orchestrating the timely disposal of apoptotic cells by macrophages, ensuring that tolerance to self is maintained.
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影响因子:
56.9
作者:
Blander, JM;Medzhitov, R
通讯作者:
Medzhitov, R
DOI:
10.1084/jem.20031763
发表时间:
2004-12-06
期刊:
The Journal of experimental medicine
影响因子:
--
作者:
Chang MK;Binder CJ;Miller YI;Subbanagounder G;Silverman GJ;Berliner JA;Witztum JL
通讯作者:
Witztum JL
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.012610299
发表时间:
2002-01-08
影响因子:
11.1
作者:
Barak, Y;Liao, D;Evans, RM
通讯作者:
Evans, RM
影响因子:
2.5
作者:
Fadok, VA
通讯作者:
Fadok, VA
影响因子:
2.5
作者:
Morel, L;Yu, Y;Wakeland, EK
通讯作者:
Wakeland, EK