Cohesin-dependent chromosome loop extrusion is limited by transcription and stalled replication forks.

Cohesin-dependent chromosome loop extrusion is limited by transcription and stalled replication forks.
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DOI:
10.1126/sciadv.abn7063
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发表时间:
2022-06-10
期刊:
影响因子:
13.6
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中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
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基因组的功能依赖于调节的染色体折叠,而蛋白质复合体粘附素的环状挤出对这种多层组织是必不可少的。粘附素的染色体定位由转录控制,该复合体也定位于停滞的复制叉子。然而,转录和复制在染色体环中的作用尚不清楚。在这里,我们证明了染色体结合的RNA聚合酶的减少削弱了正常的粘附素环挤出边界,允许粘附素形成新的远程染色体顺式相互作用。转录抑制诱导的应激反应基因也被证明是新的环挤出边界。此外,S早期的粘附素环挤出是由转录和复制单元共同控制的。总之,这些结果揭示了复制和转录机制是染色体折叠调节器,阻止了环状挤出粘附素的进展,为粘附素在基因组功能和稳定性中的作用打开了新的视角。空间基因组组织由转录和停滞的复制机制控制,这些机制限制了粘附素环的挤出。
Genome function depends on regulated chromosome folding, and loop extrusion by the protein complex cohesin is essential for this multilayered organization. The chromosomal positioning of cohesin is controlled by transcription, and the complex also localizes to stalled replication forks. However, the role of transcription and replication in chromosome looping remains unclear. Here, we show that reduction of chromosome-bound RNA polymerase weakens normal cohesin loop extrusion boundaries, allowing cohesin to form new long-range chromosome cis interactions. Stress response genes induced by transcription inhibition are also shown to act as new loop extrusion boundaries. Furthermore, cohesin loop extrusion during early S phase is jointly controlled by transcription and replication units. Together, the results reveal that replication and transcription machineries are chromosome-folding regulators that block the progression of loop-extruding cohesin, opening for new perspectives on cohesin’s roles in genome function and stability. Spatial genome organization is controlled by transcription and stalled replication machineries that limit cohesin loop extrusion.
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