Myths and truths about the cellular composition of the human brain: A review of influential concepts.
Myths and truths about the cellular composition of the human brain: A review of influential concepts.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.08.004
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发表时间：
2018-11
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
von Bartheld CS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
von Bartheld CS
在过去的50年里，定量方法论为我们理解人脑的细胞组成做出了重要贡献。并不是所有从定量研究中出现的概念都被证明是正确的。在这里，我将考察一些最有影响力的概念的历史和现状。这包括声称人类大脑有多少个细胞组成，不同类型的细胞如何贡献，以及以什么比例。其他概念包括：我们是否在正常衰老的情况下失去了大量的神经元，长期酗酒是否会导致皮质神经元的丧失，男性和女性大脑皮层的数量构成是否存在显著差异，人类的卓越智力是否与更多的脑细胞相关，以及神经元数量是否存在长期(代际)变化。细胞数量的变化或细胞类型比率的变化是否伴随着某些疾病，所有的计数方法，即使是理论上没有偏见的方法，都应该得到验证和校准吗？我在这里考察了主要有影响力的概念的起源和现状，并回顾了导致对这些概念进行确认或驳斥的证据和论点。我讨论了延续错误观点的环境、假设和心态，以及在某些情况下挑战了长期观念的技术进步的类型。我将承认有影响力的概念的关键支持者在认识到人脑的真实细胞组成的道路上有时是错综复杂的。
Over the last 50 years, quantitative methodology has made important contributions to our understanding of the cellular composition of the human brain. Not all of the concepts that emerged from quantitative studies have turned out to be true. Here, I examine the history and current status of some of the most influential notions. This includes claims of how many cells compose the human brain, and how different cell types contribute and in what ratios. Additional concepts entail whether we lose significant numbers of neurons with normal aging, whether chronic alcohol abuse contributes to cortical neuron loss, whether there are significant differences in the quantitative composition of cerebral cortex between male and female brains, whether superior intelligence in humans correlates with larger numbers of brain cells, and whether there are secular (generational) changes in neuron number. Do changes in cell number or changes in ratios of cell types accompany certain diseases, and should all counting methods, even the theoretically unbiased ones, be validated and calibrated? I here examine the origin and the current status of major influential concepts, and I review the evidence and arguments that have led to either confirmation or refutation of such concepts. I discuss the circumstances, assumptions and mindsets that perpetuated erroneous views, and the types of technological advances that have, in some cases, challenged longstanding ideas. I will acknowledge the roles of key proponents of influential concepts in the sometimes convoluted path towards recognition of the true cellular composition of the human brain.
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Benes, FM