Neuroanatomical clues to altered neuronal activity in epilepsy: from ultrastructure to signaling pathways of dentate granule cells.
Neuroanatomical clues to altered neuronal activity in epilepsy: from ultrastructure to signaling pathways of dentate granule cells.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03477.x
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发表时间：
2012-06
期刊：
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Cetina Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Houser CR;Zhang N;Peng Z;Huang CS;Cetina Y
癫痫的动态方面，其中癫痫发作零星发生，并穿插着相对正常的脑功能的时期，提出了特殊的挑战，神经解剖学研究。虽然在慢性期可以识别出许多形态学变化，但这些变化中的许多与癫痫发作的发生和传播的关系仍不清楚。苔藓纤维发芽是一个经常观察到的形态学变化的例子，其在癫痫中的功能作用仍有争议。这篇评论将集中在神经解剖学确定的变化，将支持高水平的活动重组苔藓纤维和潜在的相关颗粒细胞激活。早期的超微结构研究重组苔藓纤维终端在人类颞叶癫痫组织已确定颗粒细胞之间的高度有效的兴奋性连接的形态学基板。如果在动物模型中类似的连接有助于癫痫发作活动，那么颗粒细胞的激活将是预期的。增加标记与两个活动相关的标志物，Fos和磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶，表明在自发性癫痫发作的小鼠模型中的齿状颗粒细胞的活动增加。然而，神经解剖学支持的直接联系之间的激活重组苔藓纤维终端和颗粒细胞活性增加仍然难以捉摸。随着新的活动相关标记物的开发，可能还可以证明这种功能联系，并允许在整个大脑中绘制癫痫发作活动。将癫痫发作期间神经元活动模式与潜在的形态学变化联系起来，可以为癫痫和癫痫发作的基本机制提供重要的新见解。
The dynamic aspects of epilepsy, in which seizures occur sporadically and are interspersed with periods of relatively normal brain function, present special challenges for neuroanatomical studies. While numerous morphological changes can be identified during the chronic period, the relationship of many of these changes to seizure generation and propagation remain unclear. Mossy fiber sprouting is an example of a fequently observed morphological change for which a functional role in epilepsy continues to be debated. This review will focus on neuroanatomically-identified changes that would support high levels of activity in reorganized mossy fibers and potentially associated granule cell activation. Early ultrastructural studies of reorganized mossy fiber terminals in human temporal lobe epilepsy tissue have identified morphological substrates for highly efficacious excitatory connections among granule cells. If similar connections in animal models contribute to seizure activity, activation of granule cells would be expected. Increaed labeling with two activity-related markers, Fos and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase, has suggested increased activity of dentate granule cells at the time of a spontaneous seizures in a mouse model of epilepsy. However, neuroanatomical support for a direct link between activation of reorganized mossy fiber terminals and increased granule cell activity remains elusive. As novel activity-related markers are developed, it may yet be possible to demonstrate such functional links and allow mapping of seizure activity throughout the brain. Relating patterns of neuronal activity during seizures to the underlying morphological changes could provide important new insights into the basic mechanisms of epilepsy and seizure generation.
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影响因子：
25
作者：
Henze, DA;Wittner, L;Buzsáki, G
通讯作者：
Buzsáki, G
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Buckmaster, PS;Dudek, FE
通讯作者：
Dudek, FE
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
AMARAL, DG;DENT, JA
通讯作者：
DENT, JA
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
ISOKAWA, M;LEVESQUE, MF;ENGEL, J
通讯作者：
ENGEL, J
影响因子：
11.2
作者：
ENGEL, J;KUHL, DE;MAZZIOTTA, JC
通讯作者：
MAZZIOTTA, JC