Positive autobiographical memory retrieval reduces temporal discounting.
Positive autobiographical memory retrieval reduces temporal discounting.
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DOI：
10.1093/scan/nsx086
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发表时间：
2017-10-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Phelps EA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lempert KM;Speer ME;Delgado MR;Phelps EA
人们通常更喜欢尽早获得回报。这种现象，即时间折扣，是许多社会问题的基础，包括成瘾和肥胖。减少时间折扣的一种方法是想象积极的未来体验。由于与想象未来经历和回忆过去事件相关的神经回路存在重叠，因此我们在这里调查回忆积极记忆是否也能促进更多患者的选择。我们发现，参与者在回忆积极的自传性记忆后更有耐心，但当他们回忆负面记忆时却不是这样。此外，在想象与他们的记忆无关的新的积极场景后，个体更容易冲动，这表明积极图像本身并不能驱动这种效果。在记忆提取过程中，纹状体和颞顶交界处的活动预示着更多的患者选择，这表明，从某种程度上说，记忆回忆是有回报的，涉及到视角选择，它影响决策。此外，记忆回忆阶段和决策阶段的前额叶腹内侧皮质的表征相似性与参与者之间的行为效果相关。因此，我们已经确定了一种减少时间折扣的新方法--回忆积极的过去--并开始描述其背后的心理和神经机制。
People generally prefer rewards sooner rather than later. This phenomenon, temporal discounting, underlies many societal problems, including addiction and obesity. One way to reduce temporal discounting is to imagine positive future experiences. Since there is overlap in the neural circuitry associated with imagining future experiences and remembering past events, here we investigate whether recalling positive memories can also promote more patient choice. We found that participants were more patient after retrieving positive autobiographical memories, but not when they recalled negative memories. Moreover, individuals were more impulsive after imagining novel positive scenes that were not related to their memories, showing that positive imagery alone does not drive this effect. Activity in the striatum and temporo parietal junction during memory retrieval predicted more patient choice, suggesting that to the extent that memory recall is rewarding and involves perspective-taking, it influences decision-making. Furthermore, representational similarity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex between memory recall and decision phases correlated with the behavioral effect across participants. Thus, we have identified a novel manipulation for reducing temporal discounting—remembering the positive past—and have begun to characterize the psychological and neural mechanisms behind it.
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