A neuroscience approach to optimizing brain resources for human performance in extreme environments.
A neuroscience approach to optimizing brain resources for human performance in extreme environments.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.05.003
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发表时间：
2009-07
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Swain JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paulus MP;Potterat EG;Taylor MK;Van Orden KF;Bauman J;Momen N;Padilla GA;Swain JL
从复杂的战斗行动到精英体育比赛，极端环境需要最佳的认知和行为表现。虽然大量文献描述了极端环境下个体表现差异的心理和其他方面，但实际上对这些差异的潜在神经基础一无所知。这篇综述总结了暴露于极端环境的认知、情感和行为后果，讨论了性能的预测因素，并建立了一个使用神经科学方法来量化和理解最佳认知和行为性能的案例。极端环境被定义为使个体暴露于苛刻的心理和/或身体条件的外部环境，并且可能对认知和行为表现产生深远影响。这些类型的环境的例子包括战斗情况，奥运会级别的竞争，以及在极冷，高海拔或太空中的探险。最佳绩效被定义为个体在完成目标导向的任务时达到预期结果的程度。据推测，在极端环境中的最佳性能方面的个体差异取决于一个良好的“情境化”的内部身体状态，这是与适当的潜在行动。这一假设可以转化为一种实验方法，这种方法可能有助于量化个人特别适合在苛刻环境中表现最佳的程度。
Extreme environments requiring optimal cognitive and behavioral performance occur in a wide variety of situations ranging from complex combat operations to elite athletic competitions. Although a large literature characterizes psychological and other aspects of individual differences in performances in extreme environments, virtually nothing is known about the underlying neural basis for these differences. This review summarizes the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral consequences of exposure to extreme environments, discusses predictors of performance, and builds a case for the use of neuroscience approaches to quantify and understand optimal cognitive and behavioral performance. Extreme environments are defined as an external context that exposes individuals to demanding psychological and/or physical conditions, and which may have profound effects on cognitive and behavioral performance. Examples of these types of environments include combat situations, Olympic-level competition, and expeditions in extreme cold, at high altitudes, or in space. Optimal performance is defined as the degree to which individuals achieve a desired outcome when completing goal-oriented tasks. It is hypothesized that individual variability with respect to optimal performance in extreme environments depends on a well “contextualized” internal body state that is associated with an appropriate potential to act. This hypothesis can be translated into an experimental approach that may be useful for quantifying the degree to which individuals are particularly suited to performing optimally in demanding environments.
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DOI：
10.1016/s1095-6433(01)00278-1
发表时间：
2001-04-01
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Hocking, C;Silberstein, RB;Roberts, W
通讯作者：
Roberts, W
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Beilock, SL;Carr, TH
通讯作者：
Carr, TH
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.96.14.8301
发表时间：
1999-07-06
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Garavan, H;Ross, TJ;Stein, EA
通讯作者：
Stein, EA
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Kagamiishi, Y;Yamamoto, T;Watanabe, S
通讯作者：
Watanabe, S
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Hwang, BH;Stewart, R;Li, TK
通讯作者：
Li, TK