Simulating lesion-dependent functional recovery mechanisms

Simulating lesion-dependent functional recovery mechanisms
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模拟病变依赖性功能恢复机制

DOI:
10.1101/2021.01.20.427450
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
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影响因子:
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通讯作者:
Sajid N
Sajid N
中科院分区:
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作者:
Sajid N

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脑损伤后的功能恢复差异很大,取决于许多因素,包括病变部位和程度。当神经元系统受损时,可以通过使残余(例如,病灶周围)成分。当损伤是广泛的,恢复取决于其他完整的神经结构的可用性,可以复制相同的功能输出(即,简并性)。一个系统对损害的反应可能会迅速发生,需要学习或两者兼而有之。在这里,我们模拟功能恢复从四种不同类型的病变,使用生成模型的单词重复,包括一个默认的病前系统和较少使用的替代系统。合成损伤(i)完全脱离发病前系统,留下替代系统完好无损,(ii)部分损坏发病前和替代系统,(iii)限制两者的经验依赖性可塑性。1000次试验的结果表明:(i)发病前系统的完全断开自然会引起另一个系统的参与;(ii)两个系统的不完全损伤对模型性能产生更具破坏性的长期影响;(iii)降低每个系统内学习能力的影响。这些发现有助于解释不同类型病变的影响的正式框架。
Functional recovery after brain damage varies widely and depends on many factors, including lesion site and extent. When a neuronal system is damaged, recovery may occur by engaging residual (e.g., perilesional) components. When damage is extensive, recovery depends on the availability of other intact neural structures that can reproduce the same functional output (i.e., degeneracy). A system’s response to damage may occur rapidly, require learning or both. Here, we simulate functional recovery from four different types of lesions, using a generative model of word repetition that comprised a default premorbid system and a less used alternative system. The synthetic lesions (i) completely disengaged the premorbid system, leaving the alternative system intact, (ii) partially damaged both premorbid and alternative systems, and (iii) limited the experience-dependent plasticity of both. The results, across 1000 trials, demonstrate that (i) a complete disconnection of the premorbid system naturally invoked the engagement of the other, (ii) incomplete damage to both systems had a much more devastating long-term effect on model performance and (iii) the effect of reducing learning capacity within each system. These findings contribute to formal frameworks for interpreting the effect of different types of lesions.
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