Cliff or step? Posture-specific learning at the edge of a drop-off.

Cliff or step? Posture-specific learning at the edge of a drop-off.
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DOI:
10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01842.x
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发表时间:
2013-01
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Adolph KE
Adolph KE
中科院分区:
心理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kretch KS;Adolph KE

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婴儿需要运动的经验,以适应行为在下降。然而,不同的实验范式(视觉悬崖和实际的差距和斜坡)产生了相互矛盾的结果,婴儿学习和他们的学习的特殊性。一个实际的,可调节的下降装置被用来调查是否学习区分一个步骤从悬崖转移到爬行步行。经验丰富的12个月大的爬行动物(n=16)拒绝爬过危险的下降,但新手12个月大的步行者(n=17)反复踩过边缘。经验丰富的18个月大的步行者(n=18)拒绝走在危险的下降,但下降使用替代方法。这些发现表明,婴儿不会获得像恐惧或高度警惕这样的普遍反应。相反,婴儿学会感知所经历的行为的启示。
Infants require locomotor experience to behave adaptively at a drop-off. However, different experimental paradigms (visual cliff and actual gaps and slopes) have generated conflicting findings regarding what infants learn and the specificity of their learning. An actual, adjustable drop-off apparatus was used to investigate whether learning to distinguish a step from a cliff transfers from crawling to walking. Experienced 12-month-old crawlers (n=16) refused to crawl over risky drop-offs but novice 12-month-old walkers (n=17) stepped repeatedly over the edge. Experienced 18-month-old walkers (n=18) refused to walk over risky drop-offs, but descended using alternative methods. These findings suggest that infants do not acquire generalized responses like fear or wariness of heights. Rather, infants learn to perceive affordances for the experienced action.
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