Cloudy with a chance of speciation: integrative taxonomy reveals extraordinary divergence within a Mesoamerican cloud forest bird

Cloudy with a chance of speciation: integrative taxonomy reveals extraordinary divergence within a Mesoamerican cloud forest bird
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多云,有可能形成物种:综合分类法揭示了中美洲云林鸟类的非凡分化

DOI:
10.1093/biolinnean/bly156
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
1.9
通讯作者:
Mccormack, John E
Mccormack, John E
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Venkatraman, Madhvi X;Deraad, Devon A;Tsai, Whitney L;Zarza, Eugenia;Zellmer, Amanda J;Maley, James M;Mccormack, John E

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中美洲高地拥有世界上一些最高的生物多样性,特别是在云雾森林中,但这种多样化的景观驱动因素并不为人所知。由于对如何测试物种限制缺乏共识,该地区的分类学一直具有挑战性。我们对中美洲云雾森林的一个标志性物种--单色松鸦(Aphelooma Unicolor)--进行了综合分类。我们评估了沿着三个互补轴(遗传学、表型和生态位)的差异,找到了在孤立的森林斑块中五个谱系(目前被描述为亚种)之间分化的证据。DNA表明,这些血统有很长的分化历史。表型的多变量分析以及检测表型簇的客观方法表明,五个谱系中至少有四个是可诊断的。随着时间的推移,生态分歧也在不断增加。观察到的谱系之间的差异与该属其他物种水平的差异相当,认为该属的谱系至少上升了两个,最多上升了四个。单色种排名。根据我们的时间树,云森林斑块从上新世开始孤立,一直持续到更新世,这表明冰川旋回是物种形成的主要驱动因素。
The highlands of Mesoamerica harbour some of the highest biodiversity in the world, especially in cloud forests, but the landscape drivers of this diversification are not well known. Taxonomy in this region has been challenging owing to a lack of consensus about how to test species limits. We apply integrative taxonomy to an emblematic species of the Mesoamerican cloud forests, the unicolored jay (Aphelocoma unicolor). We assess divergence along three complementary axes (genetics, phenotype and ecological niche), finding evidence for differentiation among five lineages, currently described as subspecies, in isolated forest patches. DNA suggests that these lineages have long histories of divergence. Multivariate analysis of phenotype, along with an objective method for detecting phenotypic clusters, suggest that at least four of the five lineages are diagnosable. There was also a pattern of increasing ecological divergence through time. The divergence observed among lineages is comparable to other species-level divergences in the genus, arguing for elevation of at least two, and as many as four, lineages withinA. unicolorto species rank. According to our time tree, cloud forest patches became isolated starting in the Pliocene and continuing into the Pleistocene, suggesting glacial cycles as the main drivers of speciation.
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