Polyvalent design in the cGAS-STING pathway.

Polyvalent design in the cGAS-STING pathway.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.smim.2021.101580
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发表时间:
2021-08
影响因子:
7.8
通讯作者:
Gao J
Gao J
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bennett ZT;Li S;Sumer BD;Gao J

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多价相互作用介导高阶大分子组装体的形成,以提高生物信号的灵敏度、特异性和时间响应。在宿主防御中,先天免疫途径识别危险信号以警告宿主损伤或外来入侵,同时限制自身免疫和细胞衰老引起的异常激活。最近引起关注的是 cGAS-STING 途径中独特的高阶组装。 dsDNA 对 cGAS 酶的自然刺激会诱导相分离和酶激活,从而实现 cGAMP 的开关式生产。随后 cGAMP 与 STING 的结合诱导 STING 分子寡聚化,为激酶组装和信号转导提供支架。此外,PC7A(一种通过非规范生物分子缩合激活 STING 的合成聚合物)的发现说明了通过多价原理进行激动剂的工程设计。在此,我们讨论天然和合成激动剂的机制和功能比较,以增进我们对 STING 信号传导的理解,并强调先天免疫激活中的多价原理。外源性 cGAMP 与 STING 的合成 PC7A 刺激相结合,为免疫环境的时空协调提供了协同策略,从而实现安全有效的癌症免疫治疗。多价相互作用导致大分子缩合物的形成。这些多价缩合被天然和工程系统利用来刺激 cGAS-STING 途径以激活先天免疫。
Polyvalent interactions mediate the formation of higher-order macromolecular assemblies to improve the sensitivity, specificity, and temporal response of biological signals. In host defense, innate immune pathways recognize danger signals to alert host of insult or foreign invasion, while limiting aberrant activation from auto-immunity and cellular senescence. Of recent attention are the unique higher-order assemblies in the cGAS-STING pathway. Natural stimulation of cGAS enzymes by dsDNA induces phase separation and enzymatic activation for switchlike production of cGAMP. Subsequent binding of cGAMP to STING induces oligomerization of STING molecules, offering a scaffold for kinase assembly and signaling transduction. Additionally, the discovery of PC7A, a synthetic polymer which activates STING through a non-canonical biomolecular condensation, illustrates the engineering design of agonists by polyvalency principles. Herein, we discuss a mechanistic and functional comparison of natural and synthetic agonists to advance our understanding in STING signaling and highlight the principles of polyvalency in innate immune activation. The combination of exogenous cGAMP along with synthetic PC7A stimulation of STING offers a synergistic strategy in spatiotemporal orchestration of the immune milieu for a safe and effective immunotherapy against cancer. Polyvalent interactions lead to the formation of macromolecular condensates. These polyvalent condensations are utilized by both natural and engineered systems to stimulate the cGAS-STING pathway for innate immune activation.
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