A spatial investigation of the environmental controls over cryoconite aggregation on Longyearbreen glacier, Svalbard.
A spatial investigation of the environmental controls over cryoconite aggregation on Longyearbreen glacier, Svalbard.
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斯瓦尔巴特群岛朗伊尔布林冰川冰石聚集环境控制的空间调查。
DOI：
10.5194/bg-11-5365-2014
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
A. Hodson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Langford;T. Irvine‐Fynn;A. Edwards;S. Banwart;A. Hodson
冰尘颗粒是在冰川表面发现的生物群和非生物颗粒的近球形聚集体。最近，显微结构的研究表明，光合微生物和胞外聚合物（EPS）是无所不在的cryoconite颗粒内，并建议其作为生物“形成因素”的重要性。为了评估这些形成因素，以及它们对聚集体大小和稳定性的生物控制，在一个典型的北极山谷冰川表面，使用了一套快速，分光光度计，微孔板方法。随后对这些数据进行的空间映射揭示了不同的模式。不稳定的碳水化合物被发现增加了冰川，暗示EPS生产的冷冻保护和营养同化。相反，色素浓度增加对冰川末端和山谷两侧，暗示外来输入，一般减少物理干扰和光合色素和不太稳定的蓝藻鞘材料的积累。聚集体的大小被发现增加对冰川边缘，连接到输入的颗粒物质从山谷两侧，并广泛增加冰川，以同样的方式作为颜料浓度。样带数据的统计分析表明，光合自养计数和碳水化合物叶绿素比的cryoconite采样可以解释83%的聚合物的大小和稳定性的测量变化。单独考虑聚集体的大小，光合自养纤维的数量和长度可以解释92%的变化在这个参数。这些研究结果首次证明了cryoconite聚集后关键生物控制的二维分布，并强调了丝状蓝藻和EPS生产对稳定cryoconite颗粒发展的重要性。
A cryoconite granule is a near-spherical aggregation of biota and abiotic particles found upon glacier surfaces. Recently, microstructural studies have revealed that photosynthetic microorganisms and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are omnipresent within cryoconite granules and have suggested their importance as biological "forming factors". To assess these forming factors, and their biological control over aggregate size and stability, across a typical Arctic valley glacier surface, a suite of rapid, spectrophotometric, microplate methods were utilised. Subsequent spatial mapping of these data revealed distinct patterns. Labile carbohydrates were found to increase up-glacier, suggestive of EPS production for cryoprotection and nutrient assimilation. Conversely, pigment concentrations were found to increase towards the glacier terminus and valley sides, suggestive of allochthonous input, a general reduction in physical disturbance and of the build-up of photosynthetic pigments and less labile cyanobacterial sheath material. Aggregate size was found to increase towards the glacier edges, linked to the input of particulate matter from the valley sides, and to broadly increase down-glacier, in the same way as pigment concentrations. Statistical analyses of transect data revealed that the photoautotrophic count and carbohydrate–chlorophyll ratio of the cryoconite sampled could explain 83% of the measured variation in aggregate size and stability. Considering solely aggregate size, the number and length of photoautotrophic filaments could explain 92% of the variation in this parameter. These findings demonstrate the two-dimensional distribution of key biological controls upon cryoconite aggregation for the first time, and highlight the importance of filamentous cyanobacteria and EPS production to the development of stable cryoconite granules.
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影响因子：
11
作者：
Edwards, Arwyn;Anesio, Alexandre M.;Griffith, Gareth W.
通讯作者：
Griffith, Gareth W.
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Edwards, Arwyn;Rassner, Sara M. E.;Griffith, Gareth Wyn
通讯作者：
Griffith, Gareth Wyn
影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Anesio, Alexandre M.;Hodson, Andrew J.;Sattler, Birgit
通讯作者：
Sattler, Birgit
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Anesio, Alexandre M.;Sattler, Birgit;Psenner, Roland
通讯作者：
Psenner, Roland
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Hodson, Andy;Paterson, Harriet;Laybourn-Parry, Johanna
通讯作者：
Laybourn-Parry, Johanna