M1 and M2 macrophages: the chicken and the egg of immunity.
M1 and M2 macrophages: the chicken and the egg of immunity.
复制标题
M1和M2巨噬细胞:鸡肉和免疫力。
DOI:
10.1159/000364945
复制
发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Ley K
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mills CD;Ley K
The purpose of this perspective is to describe a critical advance in understanding how immune responses work. Macrophages are required for all animal life: ‘Inhibit’ type macrophages in all animals (called M1) can rapidly kill pathogens, and are thus the primary host defense, and ‘Heal’ type macrophages (M2) routinely repair and maintain tissue integrity. Macrophages perform these activities in all animals without T cells, and also in T cell-deficient vertebrates. Although adaptive immunity can amplify macrophage polarization, the long-held notion that macrophages need to be ‘activated’ or ‘alternatively activated’ by T cells is incorrect; indeed, immunology has had it backward. M1/M2-type macrophages necessarily direct T cells toward Th1- or Th2-like activities, respectively. That such macrophage-innate activities are the central directing element in immune responses is a dramatic change in understanding how immune systems operate. Most important, this revelation is opening up whole new approaches to immunotherapy. For example, many modern diseases, such as cancer and atherosclerosis, may not display ‘foreign’ antigens. However, there are clear imbalances in M1/M2-type responses. Correcting such innate imbalances can result in better health. Macrophages are the chicken and the egg of immunity.
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DOI:
10.4049/jimmunol.1200061
发表时间:
2013-01-01
期刊:
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
影响因子:
--
作者:
Green AM;Difazio R;Flynn JL
通讯作者:
Flynn JL
影响因子:
30.5
作者:
通讯作者:
--
影响因子:
5.4
作者:
GARSIDE, P;HUTTON, AK;MOWAT, AM
通讯作者:
MOWAT, AM
影响因子:
7.3
作者:
de Zoete MR;Flavell RA
通讯作者:
Flavell RA
影响因子:
3.4
作者:
Goldmann, Oliver;Sastalla, Inka;Medina, Eva
通讯作者:
Medina, Eva