Survival of the sickest: selective predation differentially modulates ecological and evolutionary disease dynamics
Survival of the sickest: selective predation differentially modulates ecological and evolutionary disease dynamics
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最病者的生存：选择性捕食差异调节生态和进化疾病动态
DOI：
10.1111/oik.09126
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Bernal, Ximena E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gutierrez, Stephanie O.;Minchella, Dennis J.;Bernal, Ximena E.
捕食者和寄生虫是关键的，相互联系的社区成员，并有可能塑造宿主种群。特别是捕食者，可以对疾病动态产生直接和间接的影响。通过消灭宿主及其寄生虫，捕食者改变了宿主和寄生虫的种群，并最终影响疾病的传播。选择性捕食已受到相当大的关注，因为它被认为具有重要的生态意义。然而，人们很少考虑优先食用未感染宿主的发生和后果。在这里，我们综合目前的证据表明，这种选择性捕食未感染个体的策略可能比以前预期的更常见，并解决包括这种捕食策略如何改变我们对生态和疾病动态演变的理解。选择性捕食策略，预计差异影响生态动态，因此，需要考虑这两种策略，以充分了解捕食猎物和宿主密度的影响。此外，鉴于捕食者的猎物选择性的不同策略改变了主机和它们的寄生虫的健身收益，我们预测放大的共同进化率下选择性捕食感染的主机相比，未感染的主机。利用最近的工作强调捕食者在疾病动态中发挥的关键作用，我们提供了对健康个体的选择性捕食直接影响生态结果并影响长期宿主-寄生虫共同进化的潜在机制的见解。我们对比了这两种情况下的选择性捕食的后果，同时确定目前的文献和未来的研究方向的差距。
Predators and parasites are critical, interconnected members of the community and have the potential to shape host populations. Predators, in particular, can have direct and indirect impacts on disease dynamics. By removing hosts and their parasites, predators alter both host and parasite populations and ultimately shape disease transmission. Selective predation of infected hosts has received considerable attention as it is recognized to have important ecological implications. The occurrence and consequences of preferential consumption of uninfected hosts, however, has rarely been considered. Here, we synthesize current evidence suggesting this strategy of selectively predating uninfected individuals is likely more common than previously anticipated and address how including this predation strategy can change our understanding of the ecology and evolution of disease dynamics. Selective predation strategies are expected to differentially impact ecological dynamics and therefore, consideration of both strategies is required to fully understand the impact of predation on prey and host densities. In addition, given that different strategies of prey selectivity by predators change the fitness payoffs both for hosts and their parasites, we predict amplified coevolutionary rates under selective predation of infected hosts compared to uninfected hosts. Using recent work highlighting the critical role that predators play in disease dynamics, we provide insights into the potential mechanisms by which selective predation on healthy individuals can directly affect ecological outcomes and impact long‐term host–parasite coevolution. We contrast the consequences of both scenarios of selective predation while identifying current gaps in the literature and future research directions.
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