Mechanisms of attentional biases towards threat in anxiety disorders: An integrative review.
Mechanisms of attentional biases towards threat in anxiety disorders: An integrative review.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.003
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发表时间：
2010-03
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Koster EH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cisler JM;Koster EH
大量的研究表明，焦虑症患者对威胁的注意偏向。已经提出了几种模型来解释焦虑中的这些偏见，但构成和介导偏见的机制仍不清楚。在这篇文章中，我们通过仔细检查注意偏向的组成部分，这些组成部分的机制，以及在信息处理的阶段期间，偏差发生的注意偏向机制的证据。易化注意、难以脱离和注意回避构成了注意偏向。一种威胁检测机制可能是易化注意的基础，这一过程可能以杏仁核为神经中心。注意力控制能力可能是难以脱离的基础，情绪调节目标可能是注意力回避的基础，这两个过程都可能以前额叶皮层功能为中心。威胁检测机制可以是大部分自动处理，注意力回避可以是大部分策略处理，并且脱离困难可以是自动处理和策略处理的混合。对今后的研究提出了建议。
A wealth of research demonstrates attentional biases toward threat in the anxiety disorders. Several models have been advanced to explain these biases in anxiety, yet the mechanisms comprising and mediating the biases remain unclear. In the present article, we review evidence regarding the mechanisms of attentional biases through careful examination of the components of attentional bias, the mechanisms underlying these components, and the stage of information processing during which the biases occur. Facilitated attention, difficulty in disengagement, and attentional avoidance comprise the components of attentional bias. A threat detection mechanism likely underlies facilitated attention, a process that may be neurally centered around the amygdala. Attentional control ability likely underlies difficulty in disengagement, emotion regulation goals likely underly attentional avoidance, and both of these processes may be neurally centered around prefrontal cortex functioning. The threat detection mechanism may be a mostly automatic process, attentional avoidance may be a mostly strategic process, and difficulty in disengagement may be a mixture of automatic and strategic processing. Recommendations for future research are discussed.
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