Asymmetric expansions of FT and TFL1 lineages characterize differential evolution of the EuPEBP family in the major angiosperm lineages.
Asymmetric expansions of FT and TFL1 lineages characterize differential evolution of the EuPEBP family in the major angiosperm lineages.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12915-021-01128-8
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发表时间：
2021-08-31
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Dixon LE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bennett T;Dixon LE
在开花植物中，花转变的精确时间对于最大限度地提高繁殖成功的机会至关重要，因此，这一过程已被深入研究。FLOWPELLOCUS T（FT）和MATERIAL FLOWER 1（TFL 1）已被鉴定为密切相关的真核磷脂酰乙醇胺结合蛋白（EuPEBPs），其整合多种环境刺激，并且拮抗地起作用以确定花转变的最佳时机。广泛的研究表明，FT的作用类似于激素信号，在韧皮部中从其在叶片中的主要表达位点运输到其在茎分生组织中的主要作用位点; TFL 1似乎也充当移动的信号。最近的工作牵连FT，TFL 1，和EuPEBP家族的其他成员，在控制其他重要的过程中，这表明EuPEBP家族可能是关键的一般调节器的开花植物的发育转变。在真双子叶植物中，存在少量的EuPEBP蛋白，但在单子叶植物中，特别是在禾本科植物中，EuPEBP拷贝数存在大量但未表征的扩增，对EuPEBP功能具有未知的后果。为了系统地表征EuPEBP蛋白在开花植物中的进化，以及更普遍地在陆地植物中的进化，我们对来自208个物种的701个PEBP序列进行了高分辨率的系统发育分析。我们完善了以前的模型EuPEBP进化在早期的陆地植物，展示了藻类的家庭的起源，并针点的FT/TFL 1分支的起源在该基地的念珠藻。我们展示了一组核心基因（MFT 1，MFT 2，FT和TCB）在显花植物的基础上经历了主要被子植物谱系的差异进化。这包括FT家族在单子叶植物中的激进扩张到5个核心谱系，在禾本科中进一步重复到12个保守的分支。我们发现，许多草FT蛋白强烈不同于其他FT，可能是发育的新功能调节剂。我们的分析表明，单子叶植物和真双子叶植物EuPEBP的进化模式有很大的分歧。在线版本包含补充材料，可通过10.1186/s12915-021-01128-8获得。
In flowering plants, precise timing of the floral transition is crucial to maximize chances of reproductive success, and as such, this process has been intensively studied. FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) have been identified as closely related eukaryotic phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (‘EuPEBPs’) that integrate multiple environmental stimuli, and act antagonistically to determine the optimal timing of the floral transition. Extensive research has demonstrated that FT acts similar to hormonal signals, being transported in the phloem from its primary site of expression in leaves to its primary site of action in the shoot meristem; TFL1 also appears to act as a mobile signal. Recent work implicates FT, TFL1, and the other members of the EuPEBP family, in the control of other important processes, suggesting that the EuPEBP family may be key general regulators of developmental transitions in flowering plants. In eudicots, there are a small number of EuPEBP proteins, but in monocots, and particularly grasses, there has been a large, but uncharacterized expansion of EuPEBP copy number, with unknown consequences for the EuPEBP function. To systematically characterize the evolution of EuPEBP proteins in flowering plants, and in land plants more generally, we performed a high-resolution phylogenetic analysis of 701 PEBP sequences from 208 species. We refine previous models of EuPEBP evolution in early land plants, demonstrating the algal origin of the family, and pin-pointing the origin of the FT/TFL1 clade at the base of monilophytes. We demonstrate how a core set of genes (MFT1, MFT2, FT, and TCB) at the base of flowering plants has undergone differential evolution in the major angiosperm lineages. This includes the radical expansion of the FT family in monocots into 5 core lineages, further re-duplicated in the grass family to 12 conserved clades. We show that many grass FT proteins are strongly divergent from other FTs and are likely neo-functional regulators of development. Our analysis shows that monocots and eudicots have strongly divergent patterns of EuPEBP evolution. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01128-8.
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