Epigenetics as an answer to Darwin's "special difficulty".

Epigenetics as an answer to Darwin's "special difficulty".
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表观遗传学作为达尔文“特殊困难”的答案。

DOI:
10.3389/fgene.2014.00321
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Herb BR
Herb BR
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Herb BR

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表观遗传修饰通过全基因组转录控制从相同基因组产生不同的表型。最近,蜜蜂的DNA甲基化和蚂蚁的组蛋白修饰被发现有助于在发育和成年期间形成种姓表型。这一见解使我们能够重新审视达尔文对其自然选择理论的最大挑战之一;在真社会物种中衍生出多种形式的不育工人。不同的幼虫喂养创造了两个不同的发展路径之间的皇后和工人,与工人进一步完善信息素线索。灵活的表观遗传控制提供了一种机制来解释创造不同的工人亚种姓表型的社会线索的环境。最近的研究结果表明,DNA甲基化在成虫出现之前和之后有不同的用途。此外,差异甲基化和转录改变后信息素信号的基因的比较表明,表观遗传学可以发挥关键作用,介导信息素信号,以获得亚种姓表型。表观遗传修饰可能为达尔文的“特殊困难”提供了一种分子机制,并解释了不育个体中多种亚表型的出现。
Epigenetic modifications produce distinct phenotypes from the same genome through genome-wide transcriptional control. Recently, DNA methylation in honeybees and histone modifications in ants were found to assist the formation of caste phenotypes during development and adulthood. This insight allows us to revisit one of Darwin’s greatest challenges to his natural selection theory; the derivation of multiple forms of sterile workers within eusocial species. Differential feeding of larvae creates two distinct developmental paths between queens and workers, with workers further refined by pheromone cues. Flexible epigenetic control provides a mechanism to interpret the milieu of social cues that create distinct worker sub-caste phenotypes. Recent findings suggest a distinct use for DNA methylation before and after adult emergence. Further, a comparison of genes that are differentially methylated and transcriptionally altered upon pheromone signaling suggests that epigenetics can play a key role in mediating pheromone signals to derive sub-caste phenotypes. Epigenetic modifications may provide a molecular mechanism to Darwin’s ”special difficulty” and explain the emergence of multiple sub-phenotypes among sterile individuals.
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