Caffeoylquinic acids: chemistry, biosynthesis, occurrence, analytical challenges, and bioactivity.
Caffeoylquinic acids: chemistry, biosynthesis, occurrence, analytical challenges, and bioactivity.
复制标题
咖啡酰奎尼酸：化学、生物合成、发生、分析挑战和生物活性。
DOI：
10.1111/tpj.15390
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发表时间：
2021-09
期刊：
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Maier, Claudia S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Magana, Armando Alcazar;Kamimura, Naofumi;Soumyanath, Amala;Stevens, Jan F.;Maier, Claudia S.
关键词：
咖啡酰奎尼酸（CQA）是我们在日常生活中遇到的特殊植物代谢物。人类通过膳食摄入植物产品来消耗毫克至克的 CQA。 CQA 被认为对人类健康有益，主要是因为它们具有抗炎和抗氧化特性。最近，发现了通过过氧化物酶型对香豆酸 3-羟化酶的新生物合成途径。最近，在红薯中发现了一种新的 GDSL 脂肪酶样酶，能够将 monoCQA 转化为 diCQA。最近，CQA 与记忆力改善有关；它们似乎是通过 Nrf2 激活而产生的强间接抗氧化剂。然而，不同 CQA 异构体的命名和命名普遍存在混淆。这种不一致是至关重要的，并且使生物活性评估变得复杂，因为不同异构体的生物活性和效力不同。提供了有关这种混乱的起源的详细解释，并提出了统一命名法的建议。此外，对于 CQA 生物活性的研究，植物性实验动物饮食中含有 CQA，这使得很难纳入适当的对照组进行比较。因此，建议不含 CQA 的合成饮食以避免干扰，因为某些 CQA 即使在纳摩尔水平也可能产生生物活性。肠道微生物群对 CQA 的生物转化、新酶生物合成和代谢途径的发现、饮食评估以及具有药物开发潜力的生物特性评估是活跃、持续的研究领域。本综述重点关注最近报道的单、二、三和四 CQA 的化学、生物合成、发生、分析挑战和生物活性。
Caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) are specialized plant metabolites we encounter in our daily life. Humans consume CQAs in mg-to-gram quantities through dietary consumption of plant products. CQAs are considered beneficial for human health, mainly due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Recently, new biosynthetic pathways via a peroxidase-type p-coumaric acid 3-hydroxylase enzyme were discovered. More recently, a new GDSL lipase-like enzyme able to transform monoCQAs into diCQA was identified in Ipomoea batatas. CQAs were recently linked to memory improvement; they seem to be strong indirect antioxidants via Nrf2 activation. However, there is a prevalent confusion in the designation and nomenclature of different CQA isomers. Such inconsistencies are critical and complicate bioactivity assessment since different isomers differ in bioactivity and potency. A detailed explanation regarding the origin of such confusion is provided, and a recommendation to unify nomenclature is suggested. Furthermore, for studies on CQA bioactivity, plant-based laboratory animal diets contain CQAs, which makes it difficult to include proper control groups for comparison. Therefore, a synthetic diet free of CQAs is advised to avoid interferences since some CQAs may produce bioactivity even at nanomolar levels. Biotransformation of CQAs by gut microbiota, the discovery of new enzymatic biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, dietary assessment, and assessment of biological properties with potential for drug development are areas of active, ongoing research. This review is focused on the chemistry, biosynthesis, occurrence, analytical challenges, and bioactivity recently reported for mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraCQAs.
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