Impacts of Wildflower Interventions on Beneficial Insects in Fruit Crops: A Review.
Impacts of Wildflower Interventions on Beneficial Insects in Fruit Crops: A Review.
复制标题
野生花卉干预对果树益虫的影响
DOI：
10.3390/insects13030304
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发表时间：
2022-03-18
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Fountain MT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fountain MT
包括传粉昆虫在内的昆虫数量的减少，正导致公众压力，要求政府和土地所有者进行干预。虽然用于保护害虫天敌的害虫综合管理已经实施了几十年，但促进保护传粉媒介是最近才开始的，特别是在耕地上。为了使水果生产对环境的破坏较小，天敌和传粉者是关键。此外，可用农药的减少迫使果农重新考虑他们的管理做法。越来越多地使用的一种干预措施是提供花卉资源，如野花区或覆盖作物，以鼓励天敌和传粉者。这篇综述汇集了文献的利益和成本的供应植物群附近的水果作物。它强调，在水果作物附近提供花卉资源的大多数影响是有益的或良性的。害虫综合治理（IPM）在水果行业已经实施了至少30年。自然发生的益虫已被鼓励与引进的捕食性昆虫一起茁壮成长。然而，保护性生物防治（CBC）和通过释放大量天敌来加强生物防治通常只在害虫对现有的常规杀虫剂产生抗药性并且控制开始失效时才被广泛采用。此外，对水果生产至关重要的野生传粉媒介的管理在过去并不是一个优先事项，但现在越来越多地通过虫害和传粉媒介综合管理得到承认。本文综述了果树害虫调控和授粉服务的影响，通过提供水果作物与花卉资源的领域提供天敌和授粉昆虫。在这篇综述中，大多数研究强调了花卉资源预测对水果作物的有益或良性影响。然而，放置在景观和有益的节肢动物进入作物的溢出可能是有影响力和限制。本次审查还强调需要进行长期生态研究，以了解随着时间的推移不断变化的节肢动物群落的影响，并有机会为特定作物量身定制野花混合物，以增加害虫控制和授粉效益，最终影响水果种植者的底线，减少对农药的依赖。
Declines in insects, including pollinators, are leading to public pressure for governments and landowners to intervene. Although integrated pest management, used to preserve the natural enemies of pests, has been in place for decades, promoting the preservation of pollinators is more recent, especially on farmed land. To enable fruit production, which is less environmentally damaging, natural enemies and pollinators are key. In addition, a reduction in available pesticides is forcing fruit growers to reconsider their management practices. One intervention that is increasingly being used is the provision of floral resources as wildflower areas or cover crops to encourage natural enemies and pollinators. This review brings together the literature on the benefits and costs of provisioning flora in the vicinity of fruit crops. It highlights that most impacts of floral resource provision in the vicinity of fruit crops are beneficial or benign. Integrated pest management (IPM) has been practiced by the fruit industry for at least 30 years. Naturally occurring beneficial insects have been encouraged to thrive alongside introduced predatory insects. However, Conservation Biological Control (CBC) and augmented biocontrol through the release of large numbers of natural enemies is normally only widely adopted when a pest has become resistant to available conventional pesticides and control has begun to break down. In addition, the incorporation of wild pollinator management, essential to fruit production, has, in the past, not been a priority but is now increasingly recognized through integrated pest and pollinator management (IPPM). This review focuses on the impacts on pest regulation and pollination services in fruit crops through the delivery of natural enemies and pollinating insects by provisioning areas of fruiting crops with floral resources. Most of the studies in this review highlighted beneficial or benign impacts of floral resource prevision to fruit crops. However, placement in the landscape and spill-over of beneficial arthropods into the crop can be influential and limiting. This review also highlights the need for longer-term ecological studies to understand the impacts of changing arthropod communities over time and the opportunity to tailor wildflower mixes to specific crops for increased pest control and pollination benefits, ultimately impacting fruit growers bottom-line with less reliance on pesticides.
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影响因子：
6.6
作者：
Bartholomee, Oceane;Aullo, Amandine;Lavorel, Sandra
通讯作者：
Lavorel, Sandra
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
ALTIERI, MA;WHITCOMB, WH
通讯作者：
WHITCOMB, WH
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Bryan, Casey J.;Sipes, Sedonia D.;Gage, Karla L.
通讯作者：
Gage, Karla L.
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Angelella GM;McCullough CT;O'Rourke ME
通讯作者：
O'Rourke ME
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Baude M;Kunin WE;Boatman ND;Conyers S;Davies N;Gillespie MA;Morton RD;Smart SM;Memmott J
通讯作者：
Memmott J