Relation between belief and performance in perceptual decision making.
Relation between belief and performance in perceptual decision making.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0096511
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Pouget A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Drugowitsch J;Moreno-Bote R;Pouget A
在一个不确定和模棱两可的世界中，有效的决策需要受试者形成并保持对他们选择的正确性的信念，这一过程被称为元认知。只有当信念与行为表现紧密匹配时，对未来结果的预测和自我监控才是有效的。信念和表现之间的平等对于实验者通过简单地衡量他们的表现来洞察受试者的信念也是至关重要的。假设决策者持有正确的世界模型，人们确实可能会认为，信念和业绩应该齐头并进。不幸的是，我们在这里表明，当表现被定义为对固定刺激的正确反应的百分比时，很少会出现这种情况，这是心理物理学中的标准定义。在这种情况下，信念只在很小的一系列任务中等于绩效，而在其他情况下，它们只会非常弱地相关。正如我们将看到的，在特定情况下恢复这种平等是可能的，但这种补救措施只对决策者有效，对实验者无效。我们进一步表明，当以任务难度为条件时，信念和表现并不匹配--这是绘制心理测量曲线时的常见做法--强调了以前神经科学工作中的常见陷阱。最后，我们证明，在人类和其他动物的确定性判断中观察到的错误校准和硬-容易效应可以用实验者和决策者预期的任务难度分布之间的不匹配来解释。这些结果对实验设计具有重要意义，对旨在揭示元认知本质的理论也具有重要意义。
In an uncertain and ambiguous world, effective decision making requires that subjects form and maintain a belief about the correctness of their choices, a process called meta-cognition. Prediction of future outcomes and self-monitoring are only effective if belief closely matches behavioral performance. Equality between belief and performance is also critical for experimentalists to gain insight into the subjects' belief by simply measuring their performance. Assuming that the decision maker holds the correct model of the world, one might indeed expect that belief and performance should go hand in hand. Unfortunately, we show here that this is rarely the case when performance is defined as the percentage of correct responses for a fixed stimulus, a standard definition in psychophysics. In this case, belief equals performance only for a very narrow family of tasks, whereas in others they will only be very weakly correlated. As we will see it is possible to restore this equality in specific circumstances but this remedy is only effective for a decision-maker, not for an experimenter. We furthermore show that belief and performance do not match when conditioned on task difficulty – as is common practice when plotting the psychometric curve – highlighting common pitfalls in previous neuroscience work. Finally, we demonstrate that miscalibration and the hard-easy effect observed in humans' and other animals' certainty judgments could be explained by a mismatch between the experimenter's and decision maker's expected distribution of task difficulties. These results have important implications for experimental design and are of relevance for theories that aim to unravel the nature of meta-cognition.
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影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Beck JM;Ma WJ;Pitkow X;Latham PE;Pouget A
通讯作者：
Pouget A
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Grinband, J;Hirsch, J;Ferrera, VP
通讯作者：
Ferrera, VP
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Beck JM;Ma WJ;Kiani R;Hanks T;Churchland AK;Roitman J;Shadlen MN;Latham PE;Pouget A
通讯作者：
Pouget A
DOI：
10.3758/bf03206187
发表时间：
1999-10-01
期刊：
PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Baranski, JV;Petrusic, WM
通讯作者：
Petrusic, WM
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Kepecs, Adam;Uchida, Naoshige;Mainen, Zachary F.
通讯作者：
Mainen, Zachary F.