Effects of Age-Related Stereotype Threat on Metacognition.
Effects of Age-Related Stereotype Threat on Metacognition.
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与年龄相关的刻板印象威胁对元认知的影响。
DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2020.604978
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Knowlton BJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fourquet NY;Patterson TK;Li C;Castel AD;Knowlton BJ
先前的研究表明，老年人的记忆表现受到与年龄相关的记忆衰退的刻板印象的激活的影响。在本实验中，我们考察了刻板印象威胁是否会影响老年人的元记忆，也就是说，是否刻板印象威胁下，他们作出更差的判断，他们可以记住。我们对老年人（M年龄= 66.18岁）进行了一项任务，在这项任务中，参与者观看了与点值配对的单词，并“打赌”他们以后是否能回忆起每个单词。如果他们下注并回忆起一个单词，他们就获得了这些分数，但是如果他们下注并没有回忆起一个单词，他们就失去了这些分数。因此，这项任务要求参与者监控他们能记住多少，并优先考虑高价值的项目。参与者在六个项目列表上执行这项任务，这些项目要么是在关于年龄相关记忆衰退的刻板印象威胁下，要么不是在刻板印象威胁下。两组的参与者在最初的列表上表现相似，但在后来的列表上，刻板印象威胁下的参与者表现出受损的表现，表现为较低的平均得分和较低的平均伽马系数。结果表明，一个温和的刻板印象威胁回忆的影响，结合适度的影响，元认知判断，导致性能赤字。这种结果模式可能反映了刻板印象威胁对执行控制的影响，降低了策略性使用记忆的能力。
Previous work has shown that memory performance in older adults is affected by activation of a stereotype of age-related memory decline. In the present experiment, we examined whether stereotype threat would affect metamemory in older adults; that is, whether under stereotype threat they make poorer judgments about what they could remember. We tested older adults (M Age = 66.18 years) on a task in which participants viewed words paired with point values and “bet” on whether they could later recall each word. If they bet on and recalled a word, they gained those points, but if they bet on and failed to recall a word, they lost those points. Thus, this task required participants to monitor how much they could remember and prioritize high value items. Participants performed this task over six lists of items either under stereotype threat about age-related memory decline or not under stereotype threat. Participants from both groups performed similarly on initial lists, but on later lists, participants under stereotype threat showed impaired performance as indicated by a lower average point score and a lower average gamma coefficient. The results suggest that a modest effect of stereotype threat on recall combined with a modest effect on metacognitive judgments to result in a performance deficit. This pattern of results may reflect an effect of stereotype threat on executive control reducing the ability to strategically use memory.
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影响因子：
34.7
作者：
Arnsten, Amy F. T.
通讯作者：
Arnsten, Amy F. T.
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Barber SJ;Mather M
通讯作者：
Mather M
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Hess, Thomas M.;Hinson, Joey T.
通讯作者：
Hinson, Joey T.
DOI：
10.1093/geronb/58.1.p3
发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
Hess, TM;Auman, C;Rahhal, TA
通讯作者：
Rahhal, TA
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Aronson, J;Lustina, MJ;Steele, CM
通讯作者：
Steele, CM