Stereotype threat can both enhance and impair older adults' memory.
Stereotype threat can both enhance and impair older adults' memory.
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DOI：
10.1177/0956797613497023
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发表时间：
2013-12
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Mather M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barber SJ;Mather M
关于衰老的负面刻板印象会损害老年人的记忆力；然而，其背后的机制尚不清楚。在两个实验中，我们测试了来自两种理论解释的相互竞争的预测：执行控制干扰和监管配合。老年人无论是否受到有关记忆的刻板印象威胁，都完成了工作记忆测试。金钱激励被操纵，使得回忆要么带来收益，要么遗忘导致损失。执行控制干扰账户预测威胁会降低执行控制资源的可用性，因此会损害工作记忆性能。监管适合账户预测威胁会引发预防焦点。因此，当强调收益时，这种威胁会损害绩效，而当强调损失时，这种威胁会提高绩效。结果仅与监管拟合账户一致。尽管当记忆带来收益时，刻板印象威胁会显着损害老年人的工作记忆表现，但当遗忘导致损失时，它会显着提高表现。
Negative stereotypes about aging can impair older adults’ memory; however, the mechanisms underlying this are unclear. In two experiments we tested competing predictions derived from two theoretical accounts: executive control interference and regulatory fit. Older adults completed a working memory test either under stereotype threat about their memory or not. Monetary incentives were manipulated such that recall either led to gains or forgetting led to losses. The executive control interference account predicts that threat decreases the availability of executive control resources and hence should impair working memory performance. The regulatory fit account predicts that threat induces a prevention focus. Because of this threat should impair performance when gains are emphasized but improve performance when losses are emphasized. Results were only consistent with the regulatory fit account. Although stereotype threat significantly impaired older adults’ working memory performance when remembering led to gains, it significantly improved performance when forgetting led to losses.
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DOI：
10.1093/geronb/gbp044
发表时间：
2009-06-01
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
Hess, Thomas M.;Emery, Lisa;Queen, Tara L.
通讯作者：
Queen, Tara L.
DOI：
10.1093/geronb/58.1.p3
发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
Hess, TM;Auman, C;Rahhal, TA
通讯作者：
Rahhal, TA
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Maddox, W. Todd;Baldwin, Grant C.;Markman, Arthur B.
通讯作者：
Markman, Arthur B.
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Rydell, Robert J.;McConnell, Allen R.;Beilock, Sian L.
通讯作者：
Beilock, Sian L.
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Davidson, Patrick S. R.;Glisky, Elizabeth L.
通讯作者：
Glisky, Elizabeth L.