Jellyfish stings and their management: a review.
Jellyfish stings and their management: a review.
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DOI：
10.3390/md11020523
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发表时间：
2013-02-22
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Mastrangelo G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cegolon L;Heymann WC;Lange JH;Mastrangelo G
水母(蛇形目)分布于世界各地。尽管大多数是无害的，但一些物种可能会引起局部和全身反应。治疗水母毒液的目的是：减轻毒液的局部影响，防止线虫囊进一步排出，并控制全身反应，包括休克。在严重情况下，最重要的步骤是稳定和维持生命功能。尽管物种之间存在一些差异，但在口服/局部止痛药、热水和冰袋作为有效止痛药以及S在30岁时使用国产醋(4%-6%醋酸)以防止残留在皮肤上的未烧过的线虫囊进一步排出方面，似乎有证据和共识。相反，应谨慎避免酒精、甲基化酒精和淡水，因为它们会大量排出线虫囊；也应避免压力固定绷带，因为实验室研究表明，这会刺激线虫囊排出更多的毒液。目前大多数治疗方法都建立在相对较弱的证据基础上；因此，强烈建议进行进一步的研究(特别是随机临床试验)。应传播适当的治疗方式，以便更好地告知和教育那些处于危险之中的人。海滩上应放置足够的指示牌，告知游客水母的风险。在危险区域游泳的人应该穿戴防护装备。
Jellyfish (cnidarians) have a worldwide distribution. Despite most being harmless, some species may cause local and also systemic reactions. Treatment of jellyfish envenomation is directed at: alleviating the local effects of venom, preventing further nematocyst discharges and controlling systemic reactions, including shock. In severe cases, the most important step is stabilizing and maintaining vital functions. With some differences between species, there seems to be evidence and consensus on oral/topical analgesics, hot water and ice packs as effective painkillers and on 30 s application of domestic vinegar (4%–6% acetic acid) to prevent further discharge of unfired nematocysts remaining on the skin. Conversely, alcohol, methylated spirits and fresh water should be carefully avoided, since they could massively discharge nematocysts; pressure immobilization bandaging should also be avoided, as laboratory studies show that it stimulates additional venom discharge from nematocysts. Most treatment approaches are presently founded on relatively weak evidence; therefore, further research (especially randomized clinical trials) is strongly recommended. Dissemination of appropriate treatment modalities should be deployed to better inform and educate those at risk. Adequate signage should be placed at beaches to notify tourists of the jellyfish risk. Swimmers in risky areas should wear protective equipment.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.01.007
发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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