Caring for cells in microsystems: principles and practices of cell-safe device design and operation.

Caring for cells in microsystems: principles and practices of cell-safe device design and operation.
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DOI:
10.1039/c8lc00746b
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发表时间:
2018-11-06
期刊:
影响因子:
6.1
通讯作者:
Voldman J
Voldman J
中科院分区:
工程技术1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Varma S;Voldman J

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本综述面向希望建立“细胞友好”技术的设备工程师、设计师和用户,这些技术对更广泛的科学界具有实用价值。微流控装置的设计者和用户不断质疑细胞在给定的微系统中是否“快乐”,或者它们是否受到微尺度技术的干扰。这个问题通常是由构建平台的工程师提出的,或者是由外部评论家(学术或商业)比较多种技术方法来解决问题。微系统可以应用生物物理和生化刺激的组合,尽管这些刺激对设备操作至关重要,但可能以复杂的方式损害细胞。然而,评估微系统对细胞影响的分析一直具有挑战性,并且导致对细胞应激源的主观解释和评估,阻碍了微系统的发展和采用。为此,我们引入了一个定义细胞健康的框架,描述了设备刺激如何对细胞施加压力,并对比了测量细胞压力的方法。重要的是,我们提供了关于设备设计和操作的实用指南,以最大限度地减少细胞压力,并推荐了一套最小的定量分析,这将使不同设备中细胞健康评估的标准化。我们期望微系统设计者、审稿人和最终用户执行这样的指导方针,我们作为一个社区可以创建一套基本原则,这些原则将进一步在临床、转化和商业应用中采用这些技术。
This review is geared towards device engineers, designers, and users who wish to establish “cell-friendly” technologies with utility to a broader scientific community. Microfluidic device designers and users continually question whether cells are ‘happy’ in a given microsystem or whether they are perturbed by micro-scale technologies. This issue is normally brought up by engineers building platforms, or by external reviewers (academic or commercial) comparing multiple technological approaches to a problem. Microsystems can apply combinations of biophysical and biochemical stimuli that, although essential to device operation, may damage cells in complex ways. However, assays to assess the impact of microsystems upon cells have been challenging to conduct and have led to subjective interpretation and evaluation of cell stressors, hampering development and adoption of microsystems. To this end, we introduce a framework that defines cell health, describes how device stimuli may stress cells, and contrasts approaches to measure cell stress. Importantly, we provide practical guidelines regarding device design and operation to minimize cell stress, and recommend a minimal set of quantitative assays that will enable standardization in the assessment of cell health in diverse devices. We anticipate that as microsystem designers, reviewers, and end-users enforce such guidelines, we as a community can create a set of essential principles that will further the adoption of such technologies in clinical, translational and commercial applications.
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