The Mitochondrial Genomes of a Myxozoan Genus Kudoa Are Extremely Divergent in Metazoa.
The Mitochondrial Genomes of a Myxozoan Genus Kudoa Are Extremely Divergent in Metazoa.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0132030
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kuroda M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Takeuchi F;Sekizuka T;Ogasawara Y;Yokoyama H;Kamikawa R;Inagaki Y;Nozaki T;Sugita-Konishi Y;Ohnishi T;Kuroda M
粘虫是一种寡细胞寄生虫，有鱼和环节虫两种宿主，有些粘虫危害养殖鱼类。粘虫门有2,100个物种，由于其快速的进化速度，很难在生命树中定位。近年来，利用大量核编码基因进行的细胞核基因组学研究证实，粘虫属于刺胞动物门。然而，粘虫的寄生和极端的身体简化的进化还没有很好的理解，没有粘虫线粒体DNA序列已被报道。为了进一步阐明粘虫的进化，我们测定了粘虫种Kudoaseptempunctata、K. hexapunctata和K.并与其他后生动物进行了比较。Kudoa线粒体基因组编码核糖体RNA、转运RNA、8种氧化磷酸化蛋白和3种功能未知的蛋白，是后生动物线粒体基因组中编码蛋白最少的。该基因编码的蛋白质差异很大，在后生动物中进化速度最快。然而，Kudoa属的蛋白质基因的dN/dS比值约为0.1，与其他刺胞动物相似，表明这些基因受到负选择。尽管存在不同的遗传内容，但线粒体的转录组、代谢和结构都显示了活性氧化磷酸化。七星花作为可能的原因，我们将这种分歧归因于两个最分歧的分支（栉水母门和粘虫门）之间共享的种群遗传特征，以及粘虫门的寄生生活方式。Kudoa属的快速进化的功能性线粒体扩展了我们对后生动物线粒体进化的理解。
The Myxozoa are oligo-cellular parasites with alternate hosts—fish and annelid worms—and some myxozoan species harm farmed fish. The phylum Myxozoa, comprising 2,100 species, was difficult to position in the tree of life, due to its fast evolutionary rate. Recent phylogenomic studies utilizing an extensive number of nuclear-encoded genes have confirmed that Myxozoans belong to Cnidaria. Nevertheless, the evolution of parasitism and extreme body simplification in Myxozoa is not well understood, and no myxozoan mitochondrial DNA sequence has been reported to date. To further elucidate the evolution of Myxozoa, we sequenced the mitochondrial genomes of the myxozoan species Kudoa septempunctata, K. hexapunctata and K. iwatai and compared them with those of other metazoans. The Kudoa mitochondrial genomes code for ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, eight proteins for oxidative phosphorylation and three proteins of unknown function, and they are among the metazoan mitochondrial genomes coding the fewest proteins. The mitochondrial-encoded proteins were extremely divergent, exhibiting the fastest evolutionary rate in Metazoa. Nevertheless, the dN/dS ratios of the protein genes in genus Kudoa were approximately 0.1 and similar to other cnidarians, indicating that the genes are under negative selection. Despite the divergent genetic content, active oxidative phosphorylation was indicated by the transcriptome, metabolism and structure of mitochondria in K. septempunctata. As possible causes, we attributed the divergence to the population genetic characteristics shared between the two most divergent clades, Ctenophora and Myxozoa, and to the parasitic lifestyle of Myxozoa. The fast-evolving, functional mitochondria of the genus Kudoa expanded our understanding of metazoan mitochondrial evolution.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Eitel M;Osigus HJ;DeSalle R;Schierwater B
通讯作者：
Schierwater B
新的系统发育和比较分析提供了确凿的证据表明粘液动物是刺胞动物
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Feng, Jin-Mei;Xiong, Jie;Miao, Wei
通讯作者：
Miao, Wei
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Kayal E;Roure B;Philippe H;Collins AG;Lavrov DV
通讯作者：
Lavrov DV
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0400941101
发表时间：
2004-07-20
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Helfenbein, KG;Fourcade, HM;Boore, JL
通讯作者：
Boore, JL
影响因子：
7
作者：
Birney, E;Durbin, R
通讯作者：
Durbin, R