The genomic origins of the Bronze Age Tarim Basin mummies.
The genomic origins of the Bronze Age Tarim Basin mummies.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-021-04052-7
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发表时间：
2021-11
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Cui Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang F;Ning C;Scott A;Fu Q;Bjørn R;Li W;Wei D;Wang W;Fan L;Abuduresule I;Hu X;Ruan Q;Niyazi A;Dong G;Cao P;Liu F;Dai Q;Feng X;Yang R;Tang Z;Ma P;Li C;Gao S;Xu Y;Wu S;Wen S;Zhu H;Zhou H;Robbeets M;Kumar V;Krause J;Warinner C;Jeong C;Cui Y
新疆是内亚的心脏地带，关于新疆最早居民的身份，以及他们说的语言，长期以来一直存在争议，至今仍有争议。在这里，我们展示了来自准噶尔盆地的5个个体的基因组数据，这些个体可追溯到公元前3000-2800年左右，来自塔里木盆地的13个个体可追溯到公元前2100-1700年左右，分别代表了北疆和南疆发现的最早的人类遗骸。我们发现早期青铜器时代的准噶尔个体表现出主要的阿法纳西沃祖先，并有额外的当地贡献，而早期中期青铜器时代的塔里木个体只包含一个当地祖先。小河遗址的塔里木个体进一步展示了牙结石中含有乳蛋白的有力证据，表明该遗址自建立以来就依赖于乳制品畜牧业。我们的研究结果不支持之前关于塔里木木乃伊起源的假设，这些木乃伊被认为是阿法纳西沃人后裔的原始吐火罗语牧民，或者是起源于巴克特里亚-玛吉亚纳考古复合体或内亚洲山脉走廊文化。相反，尽管吐火罗语可能是在青铜时代早期由阿法纳西耶沃移民引入准噶尔盆地的，但我们发现，塔里木盆地最早的文化似乎是由一个遗传上孤立的当地人群产生的，他们采用了邻近的牧民和农人的做法，这使得他们能够沿着塔克拉玛干沙漠不断变化的河流绿洲定居和繁荣。对青铜器时代人类遗骸的基因组分析为新疆地区塔里木盆地木乃伊的起源提供了见解。
The identity of the earliest inhabitants of Xinjiang, in the heart of Inner Asia, and the languages that they spoke have long been debated and remain contentious. Here we present genomic data from 5 individuals dating to around 3000–2800 bc from the Dzungarian Basin and 13 individuals dating to around 2100–1700 bc from the Tarim Basin, representing the earliest yet discovered human remains from North and South Xinjiang, respectively. We find that the Early Bronze Age Dzungarian individuals exhibit a predominantly Afanasievo ancestry with an additional local contribution, and the Early–Middle Bronze Age Tarim individuals contain only a local ancestry. The Tarim individuals from the site of Xiaohe further exhibit strong evidence of milk proteins in their dental calculus, indicating a reliance on dairy pastoralism at the site since its founding. Our results do not support previous hypotheses for the origin of the Tarim mummies, who were argued to be Proto-Tocharian-speaking pastoralists descended from the Afanasievo or to have originated among the Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex or Inner Asian Mountain Corridor cultures. Instead, although Tocharian may have been plausibly introduced to the Dzungarian Basin by Afanasievo migrants during the Early Bronze Age, we find that the earliest Tarim Basin cultures appear to have arisen from a genetically isolated local population that adopted neighbouring pastoralist and agriculturalist practices, which allowed them to settle and thrive along the shifting riverine oases of the Taklamakan Desert. A genomic analysis of human remains from the Bronze Age provides insights into the origin of the Tarim Basin mummies from the Xinjiang region.
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影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Kennett DJ;Plog S;George RJ;Culleton BJ;Watson AS;Skoglund P;Rohland N;Mallick S;Stewardson K;Kistler L;LeBlanc SA;Whiteley PM;Reich D;Perry GH
通讯作者：
Perry GH
新疆维吾尔族的遗传史表明青铜时代与欧亚大陆的多向接触。
影响因子：
10.7
作者：
Feng, Qidi;Lu, Yan;Xu, Shuhua
通讯作者：
Xu, Shuhua
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Fu Q;Posth C;Hajdinjak M;Petr M;Mallick S;Fernandes D;Furtwängler A;Haak W;Meyer M;Mittnik A;Nickel B;Peltzer A;Rohland N;Slon V;Talamo S;Lazaridis I;Lipson M;Mathieson I;Schiffels S;Skoglund P;Derevianko AP;Drozdov N;Slavinsky V;Tsybankov A;Cremonesi RG;Mallegni F;Gély B;Vacca E;Morales MR;Straus LG;Neugebauer-Maresch C;Teschler-Nicola M;Constantin S;Moldovan OT;Benazzi S;Peresani M;Coppola D;Lari M;Ricci S;Ronchitelli A;Valentin F;Thevenet C;Wehrberger K;Grigorescu D;Rougier H;Crevecoeur I;Flas D;Semal P;Mannino MA;Cupillard C;Bocherens H;Conard NJ;Harvati K;Moiseyev V;Drucker DG;Svoboda J;Richards MP;Caramelli D;Pinhasi R;Kelso J;Patterson N;Krause J;Pääbo S;Reich D
通讯作者：
Reich D
影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Chang CC;Chow CC;Tellier LC;Vattikuti S;Purcell SM;Lee JJ
通讯作者：
Lee JJ
影响因子：
3
作者：
Korneliussen TS;Albrechtsen A;Nielsen R
通讯作者：
Nielsen R