Advantages and clinical applications of natural killer cells in cancer immunotherapy.
Advantages and clinical applications of natural killer cells in cancer immunotherapy.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00262-013-1469-8
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发表时间：
2014-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Murphy, William J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ames, Erik;Murphy, William J.
在过去的十年里，人们对自然杀伤细胞（NK）的生物学和临床应用进行了大量的研究和深入的了解。曾经被认为是简单的先天细胞，仅作为细胞毒性效应细胞重要，我们对NK细胞的理解已经发展到包括记忆样反应，适应性反应的指导，组织修复以及NK细胞如何被激活的微妙范式，现在被称为“许可”或“武装”。尽管这些细胞最初是因其自发杀死肿瘤细胞的能力而被发现和命名的，但在治疗环境中操纵NK细胞已被证明是困难和复杂的，部分原因是我们对其生物学的新理解。涉及NK细胞的治疗可以激活内源性NK细胞，也可以通过造血干细胞移植（HSCT）或过继细胞治疗（ACT）转移外源性细胞。在这里，我们回顾了NK细胞的基本生物学，突出了使NK细胞在癌症治疗中特别有用的特征。我们还探讨了目前用于癌症的治疗策略，并讨论了该领域未来的潜在方向。
The past decade has witnessed a burgeoning of research and further insight into the biology and clinical applications of natural killer (NK) cells. Once thought to be simple innate cells important only as cytotoxic effector cells, our understanding of NK cells has grown to include memory-like responses, the guidance of adaptive responses, tissue repair, and a delicate paradigm for how NK cells become activated now termed “licensing” or “arming”. Although these cells were initially discovered and named for their spontaneous ability to kill tumor cells, manipulating NK cells in therapeutic settings has proved difficult and complex in part due to our emerging understanding of their biology. Therapies involving NK cells may either activate endogenous NK cells or involve transfers of exogenous cells by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or adoptive cell therapy (ACT). Here we review the basic biology of NK cells, highlighting characteristics which make NK cells particularly useful in cancer therapies. We also explore current treatment strategies that have been used for cancer as well as discuss potential future directions for the field.
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