Acute bottlenecks to the survival of juvenile Pygoscelis penguins occur immediately after fledging.
Acute bottlenecks to the survival of juvenile Pygoscelis penguins occur immediately after fledging.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2020.0645
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发表时间：
2020-12
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Santos MM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hinke JT;Watters GM;Reiss CS;Santora JA;Santos MM
估计自由放养的海洋捕食者出现生存瓶颈的时间和地点对于有效的人口监测和空间规划至关重要。这与长寿物种的幼年阶段尤其相关，通常不可能直接观察死亡情况。我们利用来自南极半岛附近的阿德利企鹅、帽带企鹅和巴布亚企鹅的卫星遥测数据来估计羽翼未丰后瓶颈的时空规模。雏鸟被追踪长达 106 天，距离长达 2140 公里。部署后 16 天内，标签的累计丢失率增加到 73%，此后丢失率呈数量级下降。标签丢失的时间和位置与企鹅尸体的海上观察和质量损失到与低招募概率相关的阈值的生物能学模拟一致。自举程序用于评估由于死亡与其他因素导致的标签丢失。结果表明，瓶颈发生的时间不敏感，并量化了瓶颈内死亡率的合理范围。大量证据表明，由于捕食和饥饿，幼年企鹅面临着严重的生存瓶颈，并且可能导致至少 33% 的幼年企鹅死亡。
Estimating when and where survival bottlenecks occur in free-ranging marine predators is critical for effective demographic monitoring and spatial planning. This is particularly relevant to juvenile stages of long-lived species for which direct observations of death are typically not possible. We used satellite telemetry data from fledgling Adélie, chinstrap and gentoo penguins near the Antarctic Peninsula to estimate the spatio-temporal scale of a bottleneck after fledging. Fledglings were tracked up to 106 days over distances of up to 2140 km. Cumulative losses of tags increased to 73% within 16 days of deployment, followed by an order-of-magnitude reduction in loss rates thereafter. The timing and location of tag losses were consistent with at-sea observations of penguin carcasses and bioenergetics simulations of mass loss to thresholds associated with low recruitment probability. A bootstrapping procedure is used to assess tag loss owing to death versus other factors. Results suggest insensitivity in the timing of the bottleneck and quantify plausible ranges of mortality rates within the bottleneck. The weight of evidence indicates that a survival bottleneck for fledgling penguins is acute, attributable to predation and starvation, and may account for at least 33% of juvenile mortality.
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影响因子：
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