Public Concern About Violence, Firearms, and the COVID-19 Pandemic in California.
Public Concern About Violence, Firearms, and the COVID-19 Pandemic in California.
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DOI：
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.33484
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发表时间：
2021-01-04
影响因子：
13.8
通讯作者：
Wintemute G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kravitz-Wirtz N;Aubel A;Schleimer J;Pallin R;Wintemute G
2019年冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)大流行是否与个人对发生在自己或他人身上的暴力的担忧的变化、枪支弹药的普及和获得的原因以及枪支储存做法的变化有关？在这项对加州2870名成年人的调查研究中，对自己在大流行期间对多种类型暴力的担忧有所增加。一些人表示担心，其他人可能会因为与大流行病有关的损失而伤害自己；为应对大流行病，购买枪支和不安全储存上膛枪支的做法有所增加。这项研究的结果表明，新冠肺炎大流行及其减少传播的努力加剧了暴力造成的公共卫生负担。这项调查研究描述了个人对2019年冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)大流行背景下的暴力、与大流行有关的不公平待遇的经历、枪支购买的普遍性和原因，以及大流行导致的枪支储存做法的变化的关切。暴力是一个重大的公共卫生问题，已与冠状病毒病2019年(新冠肺炎)大流行交织在一起。描述个人对大流行病背景下的暴力行为的关切、与大流行病有关的不公平待遇的经历、获得枪支的普遍情况和理由，以及大流行病导致的枪支储存做法的变化。这项调查研究使用了2020年加州安全和福祉调查的数据，这是一项基于概率的互联网调查，于2020年7月14日至27日对加州成年人进行。受访者来自Ipsos KnowledgePanel，这是一个在线研究小组，成员使用基于地址的抽样方法选择。回答被加权，以代表加利福尼亚州的成年人口。主题包括担心大流行前和大流行期间自己的暴力行为；担心因与大流行有关的损失而给他人造成的暴力；因大流行而受到不公平待遇的经历；大流行导致的枪支和弹药的购置；以及大流行导致的枪支储存做法的变化。在5018名受邀小组成员中，2870人完成了调查(完成率为57%)。在受访者中(52.3%[95%CI，49.5%-55.0%]女性；平均[SD]年龄47.9[16.9]岁；41.9%[95%CI，39.3%~44.6%]白人)，大流行期间，除大规模枪击事件外，所有暴力类型的自我报告对自己暴力的担忧显著增加，从抢劫的2.8个百分点(从65.5%[95%CI，62.8%-68.0%]到68.2%[95%CI，65.6%-70.7%]不等)；流弹射击增加了5.6个百分点(从44.5%[95%可信区间，41.7%-47.3%]上升到50.0%[47.3%-52.8%]；P = <； .001)。受访者担心他们认识的人可能故意伤害自己的比例为13.1%(95%可信区间为11.5%-15.3%)。其中，7.5%(95%可信区间，4.5%-12.2%)表示这是因为另一个人经历了与大流行相关的损失。估计有110000 人(该州2.4%[95%CI，1.1%-5.0%]的枪支拥有者)因大流行而获得枪支，包括47名 000新拥有者(43.0%[95%CI，14.8%-76.6%]拥有枪支的人)。在以最不安全的方式储存至少一支枪支的拥有者中，6.7%(95%可信区间，2.7%-15.6%)表示，他们已采取这种不安全的储存做法来应对疫情。在这份对2020年加州安全和福祉调查结果的分析中，新冠肺炎大流行与自我报告的对自己和他人暴力行为的担忧增加、枪支购买量增加以及枪支储存做法的改变有关。鉴于许多类型暴力的冲动性质，短期危机干预对于减少与暴力有关的伤害可能是至关重要的。
Is the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic associated with changes in individuals’ worry about violence happening to themselves or others, the prevalence of and reasons for firearm and ammunition acquisition, and changes in firearm storage practices? In this survey study of 2870 adults in California, worry about multiple types of violence for oneself increased during the pandemic. Individuals expressed concern that someone else might physically harm themselves because of pandemic-related losses; there was an increase in firearm acquisition and in unsecure storage practice of loaded firearms in response to the pandemic. The findings of this study suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic and efforts to lessen its spread have compounded the public health burden of violence. This survey study describes individuals’ concerns regarding violence in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, experiences of pandemic-related unfair treatment, prevalence of and reasons for firearm acquisition, and changes in firearm storage practices due to the pandemic. Violence is a significant public health problem that has become entwined with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To describe individuals’ concerns regarding violence in the context of the pandemic, experiences of pandemic-related unfair treatment, prevalence of and reasons for firearm acquisition, and changes in firearm storage practices due to the pandemic. This survey study used data from the 2020 California Safety and Well-being Survey, a probability-based internet survey of California adults conducted from July 14 to 27, 2020. Respondents came from the Ipsos KnowledgePanel, an online research panel with members selected using address-based sampling methods. Responses were weighted to be representative of the adult population of California. Topics included worry about violence for oneself before and during the pandemic; concern about violence for someone else due to a pandemic-related loss; experiences of unfair treatment attributed to the pandemic; firearm and ammunition acquisition due to the pandemic; and changes in firearm storage practices due to the pandemic. Of 5018 invited panel members, 2870 completed the survey (completion rate, 57%). Among respondents (52.3% [95% CI, 49.5%-55.0%] women; mean [SD] age, 47.9 [16.9] years; 41.9% [95% CI, 39.3%-44.6%] White individuals), self-reported worry about violence for oneself was significantly higher during the pandemic for all violence types except mass shootings, ranging from a 2.8 percentage point increase for robbery (from 65.5% [95% CI, 62.8%-68.0%] to 68.2% [95% CI, 65.6%-70.7%]; P = .008) to a 5.6 percentage point increase for stray bullet shootings (from 44.5% [95% CI, 41.7%-47.3%] to 50.0% [47.3%-52.8%]; P < .001). The percentage of respondents concerned that someone they know might intentionally harm themselves was 13.1% (95% CI, 11.5%-15.3%). Of those, 7.5% (95% CI, 4.5%-12.2%) said it was because the other person had experienced a pandemic-related loss. An estimated 110 000 individuals (2.4% [95% CI, 1.1%-5.0%] of firearm owners in the state) acquired a firearm due to the pandemic, including 47 000 new owners (43.0% [95% CI, 14.8%-76.6%] of those who had acquired a firearm). Of owners who stored at least 1 firearm in the least secure way, 6.7% (95% CI, 2.7%-15.6%) said they had adopted this unsecure storage practice in response to the pandemic. In this analysis of findings from the 2020 California Safety and Well-being Survey, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increases in self-reported worry about violence for oneself and others, increased firearm acquisition, and changes in firearm storage practices. Given the impulsive nature of many types of violence, short-term crisis interventions may be critical for reducing violence-related harm.
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