RNA-mediated neurodegeneration in repeat expansion disorders.

RNA-mediated neurodegeneration in repeat expansion disorders.
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DOI:
10.1002/ana.21948
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发表时间:
2010-03
影响因子:
11.2
通讯作者:
Paulson, Henry L.
Paulson, Henry L.
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Todd, Peter K.;Paulson, Henry L.

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大多数神经退行性疾病被认为主要是由于错误折叠的蛋白质的积累,这干扰了神经元中的蛋白质稳态。然而,对于疾病的子集,RNA的非编码区呈现主要毒性功能获得性,导致包括神经系统在内的许多组织的变性。在这里,我们回顾了一系列提出的机制,非编码重复扩增引起神经系统变性和功能障碍。这些机制包括转录改变和反义转录物的产生,导致异常mRNA剪接和加工的mRNA相关蛋白复合物的螯合,以及细胞过程的改变,包括异常信号级联的激活和蛋白质质量控制途径的失败。我们将这些潜在的机制在已知的RNA介导的疾病,包括强直性肌营养不良和脆性X震颤共济失调综合征的背景下,并讨论最近的结果表明,mRNA毒性也可能发挥作用,在一些大概蛋白质介导的神经退行性疾病。最后,我们评论了这些RNA显性疾病的治疗发展的最新进展。
Most neurodegenerative disorders are thought to result primarily from the accumulation of misfolded proteins which interfere with protein homeostasis in neurons. For a subset of diseases, however, non-coding regions of RNAs assume a primary toxic gain-of-function leading to degeneration in many tissues including the nervous system. Here we review a series of proposed mechanisms by which non-coding repeat expansions give rise to nervous system degeneration and dysfunction. These mechanisms include transcriptional alterations and the generation of antisense transcripts, sequestration of mRNA-associated protein complexes which lead to aberrant mRNA splicing and processing, and alterations in cellular processes, including activation of abnormal signaling cascades and failure of protein quality control pathways. We place these potential mechanisms in the context of known RNA-mediated disorders, including the myotonic dystrophies and fragile X tremor ataxia syndrome, and discuss recent results suggesting that mRNA toxicity may also play a role in some presumably protein-mediated neurodegenerative disorders. Lastly we comment on recent progress in therapeutic development for these RNA dominant diseases.
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