Bacteriophage evolution differs by host, lifestyle and genome.

Bacteriophage evolution differs by host, lifestyle and genome.
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DOI:
10.1038/nmicrobiol.2017.112
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发表时间:
2017-07-10
影响因子:
28.3
通讯作者:
Hatfull GF
Hatfull GF
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mavrich TN;Hatfull GF

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噬菌体在微生物进化、海洋营养循环和人类疾病中起着关键作用。噬菌体是遗传多样性的,并且它们的基因组结构特征性地是嵌合的,由与其他宿主和宿主基因组的水平基因转移(HGT)驱动。因此,噬菌体进化是复杂的,它们的基因组由具有不同和不同进化历史的基因组成。然而,对于镶嵌现象的作用,以及它在多大程度上产生了一系列基因组多样性或遗传离散种群,存在着相互冲突的观点。在这里,我们表明,噬菌体在两个一般的进化模式,不同的程度HGT的数量级。温性稻具有高通量和低通量两种基因型,溶性稻仅具有低通量基因型。进化模式也是细菌宿主的功能,并且根据宿主门的不同,不同比例的温带和裂解型细菌分布在任一模式中。遗传相关的基因组分为高或低基因流模式,这表明HGT率的遗传和生态驱动因素。因此,基因组嵌合现象取决于宿主、生活方式和遗传组成。
Bacteriophages play key roles in microbial evolution, marine nutrient cycling, and human disease. Phages are genetically diverse and their genome architectures are characteristically mosaic, driven by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) with other phages and host genomes. As a consequence, phage evolution is complex and their genomes are composed of genes with distinct and varied evolutionary histories. However, there are conflicting perspectives on the roles of mosaicism, and the extent to which it generates a spectrum of genome diversity or genetically discrete populations. Here, we show that bacteriophages evolve within two general evolutionary modes that differ in the extent of HGT by an order of magnitude. Temperate phages distribute into high and low gene flux modes, whereas lytic phages share only the lower gene flux mode. The evolutionary modes are also a function of the bacterial host, and different proportions of temperate and lytic phages are distributed in either mode depending on the host phylum. Groups of genetically-related phages fall into either the high or low gene flux modes, suggesting there are genetic as well as ecological drivers of HGT rates. Consequently, genome mosaicism varies depending on the host, lifestyle, and genetic constitution of phages.
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