Hypoxylon pulicicidum sp. nov. (Ascomycota, Xylariales), a pantropical insecticide-producing endophyte.
Hypoxylon pulicicidum sp. nov. (Ascomycota, Xylariales), a pantropical insecticide-producing endophyte.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0046687
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Stadler M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bills GF;González-Menéndez V;Martín J;Platas G;Fournier J;Peršoh D;Stadler M
节孢酸(Nas)是一种吲哚二萜真菌代谢物，通过与节肢动物特异性谷氨酸门控氯离子通道结合，对食血节肢动物(如臭虫、跳蚤和壁虱)表现出强大的全身药效。使用结节孢酸A模板的密集药物化学努力导致了N-叔丁基结节孢子胺的开发，作为每月一次治疗同伴动物上的跳蚤和扁虱的候选产品。Nas的来源是广泛分布在热带地区的无性内生真菌菌株的单系谱系，初步鉴定为根瘤菌种，并推测为次生菌的无性状态。来自GenBank序列的推论表明，多名研究人员在热带植物和空气样本中也遇到了类似的节孢菌内生菌。来自马提尼克岛的一种木生真菌的子囊虫培养物与产生NAS的内生菌属于同一单系支系，该真菌与Nas产生的内生菌非常相似。通过NAS的质谱分析、多基因系统发育分析和分生孢子状态的表型比较，验证了Martinique Hypoxron样品是产生Nas的内生菌的有性状态的假设。我们证实，Martinique Hypoxron菌株产生了丰富的Nas谱，与泛热带的节孢菌内生真菌同种，但与H.investiens不同。为了适应这种广泛存在的生物体，提出了一个新种，即普氏隐杆线虫。了解该真菌的生活史将有助于了解该真菌产生的杀虫化合物的作用、其在活植物中的感染意义以及它是如何在枯木上定居的。青霉的案例说明了生命周期研究可以如何整合对真菌有机体的不同观察，无论是从环境序列、营养菌丝体还是田间标本，从而产生对评估真菌多样性的维度至关重要的整体物种概念。
Nodulisporic acids (NAs) are indole diterpene fungal metabolites exhibiting potent systemic efficacy against blood-feeding arthropods, e.g., bedbugs, fleas and ticks, via binding to arthropod specific glutamate-gated chloride channels. Intensive medicinal chemistry efforts employing a nodulisporic acid A template have led to the development of N-tert-butyl nodulisporamide as a product candidate for a once monthly treatment of fleas and ticks on companion animals. The source of the NAs is a monophyletic lineage of asexual endophytic fungal strains that is widely distributed in the tropics, tentatively identified as a Nodulisporium species and hypothesized to be the asexual state of a Hypoxylon species. Inferences from GenBank sequences indicated that multiple researchers have encountered similar Nodulisporium endophytes in tropical plants and in air samples. Ascomata-derived cultures from a wood-inhabiting fungus, from Martinique and closely resembling Hypoxylon investiens, belonged to the same monophyletic clade as the NAs-producing endophytes. The hypothesis that the Martinique Hypoxylon collections were the sexual state of the NAs-producing endophytes was tested by mass spectrometric analysis of NAs, multi-gene phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic comparisons of the conidial states. We established that the Martinique Hypoxylon strains produced an ample spectrum of NAs and were conspecific with the pantropical Nodulisporium endophytes, yet were distinct from H. investiens. A new species, H. pulicicidum, is proposed to accommodate this widespread organism. Knowledge of the life cycle of H. pulicicidum will facilitate an understanding of the role of insecticidal compounds produced by the fungus, the significance of its infections in living plants and how it colonizes dead wood. The case of H. pulicicidum exemplifies how life cycle studies can consolidate disparate observations of a fungal organism, whether from environmental sequences, vegetative mycelia or field specimens, resulting in holistic species concepts critical to the assessment of the dimensions of fungal diversity.
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Meinke, PT;Ayer, MB;Fisher, MH
通讯作者：
Fisher, MH
影响因子：
16.8
作者：
Giraud T;Gladieux P;Gavrilets S
通讯作者：
Gavrilets S
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Gazis, Romina;Rehner, Stephen;Chaverri, Priscila
通讯作者：
Chaverri, Priscila
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0401513101
发表时间：
2004-07-06
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Ganley, RJ;Brunsfeld, SJ;Newcombe, G
通讯作者：
Newcombe, G
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Chen, Xu Yu;Qi, Yao Dong;Gan, Bing Chun
通讯作者：
Gan, Bing Chun