The Antiviral and Cancer Genomic DNA Deaminase APOBEC3H Is Regulated by an RNA-Mediated Dimerization Mechanism.

The Antiviral and Cancer Genomic DNA Deaminase APOBEC3H Is Regulated by an RNA-Mediated Dimerization Mechanism.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.molcel.2017.12.010
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发表时间:
2018-01-04
期刊:
影响因子:
16
通讯作者:
Harris RS
Harris RS
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shaban NM;Shi K;Lauer KV;Carpenter MA;Richards CM;Salamango D;Wang J;Lopresti MW;Banerjee S;Levin-Klein R;Brown WL;Aihara H;Harris RS

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人类APOBEC3H和同源单链DNA胞嘧啶脱氨酶是哺乳动物所特有的。这些DNA编辑酶通过限制病毒和转座子的复制在先天免疫中发挥作用。APOBEC3H也参与癌症突变。在这里,我们讨论了RNA在调节人类APOBEC3H活性中的基本性质。APOBEC3H作为无活性蛋白与RNA共纯化,RNase A处理使DNA脱氨酶活性增强。RNA结合缺陷突变体通过成为DNA超突变体表现出明显的功能分离。生化和晶体学数据证明了双链RNA介导酶二聚化的机制。此外,APOBEC3H功能分离突变体表明,RNA结合是细胞质定位、包装成HIV-1颗粒和抗病毒活性所必需的。总的来说,这些结果支持一个模型,即结构化RNA负调控APOBEC3H潜在有害的DNA脱氨活性,同时正调控其抗病毒活性。
Human APOBEC3H and homologous single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminases are unique to mammals. These DNA editing enzymes function in innate immunity by restricting the replication of viruses and transposons. APOBEC3H also contributes to cancer mutagenesis. Here we address the fundamental nature of RNA in regulating human APOBEC3H activities. APOBEC3H co-purifies with RNA as an inactive protein, and RNase A treatment enables strong DNA deaminase activity. RNA binding-defective mutants demonstrate clear separation-of-function by becoming DNA hypermutators. Biochemical and crystallographic data demonstrate a mechanism in which double-stranded RNA mediates enzyme dimerization. Additionally, APOBEC3H separation-of-function mutants show that RNA binding is required for cytoplasmic localization, packaging into HIV-1 particles, and antiviral activity. Overall, these results support a model in which structured RNA negatively regulates the potentially harmful DNA deamination activity of APOBEC3H, while at the same time positively regulating its antiviral activity.
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