Hydrogeology of an urban weathered basement aquifer in Kampala, Uganda

Hydrogeology of an urban weathered basement aquifer in Kampala, Uganda
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乌干达坎帕拉城市风化基底含水层的水文地质

DOI:
10.1007/s10040-022-02474-9
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
2.8
通讯作者:
Nyenje P
Nyenje P
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nyenje P

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风化的地下含水层是非洲饮用水的重要来源。为了更好地了解它们在城市水平衡中的作用,本研究在乌干达坎帕拉风化的地下室含水层中安装了一个监测压力表样带,进行了春流和高频地下水位监测、段塞测试和水化学分析,包括稳定同位素和地下水停留时间指标。结果表明,该含水层为典型的风化基底含水层,厚度为20 ~ 50 m。地下水补给量为3-50毫米/年,发生在持续降雨期间。对腐殖质深层地下水系统的补给是缓慢而持久的,而对山谷斜坡上的泉水的补给则是快速而断断续续的,对降水的反应很快。泉水排放浅层地下水,混合了现场卫生实践渗透的废水和深层含水层的贡献,其特点是流速低(< 0.001 m3/s), pH值低(<5),硝酸盐值高(61-190 mg/L NO3),停留时间<30年。深层地下水系统发生在腐岩/腐岩中,透水性较低(< 1 × 10−5m2/s),硝酸盐值较低(NO3 <20 mg/L), pH为6 ~ 6.5,停留时间较长(40 ~ 60年)。由于富含粘土的冲积层的存在,造成了山谷中有限的地下水条件,并产生了地下水硝酸盐浓度较低的自流条件。这一发现为研究热带城市风化的地下含水层提供了新的见解,并表明在有限制条件的山谷中,小规模的抽取在更深层的地下水系统中更可持续。
Weathered basement aquifers are vital sources of drinking water in Africa. In order to better understand their role in the urban water balance, in a weathered basement aquifer in Kampala, Uganda, this study installed a transect of monitoring piezometers, carried out spring flow and high-frequency groundwater level monitoring, slug tests and hydrochemical analyses, including stable isotopes and groundwater residence time indicators. Findings showed a typical weathered basement aquifer with a 20–50-m thickness. Groundwater recharge was 3–50 mm/year, occurring during sustained rainfall. Recharge to a deep groundwater system within the saprock was slow and prolonged, while recharge to the springs on the valley slopes was quick and episodic, responding rapidly to precipitation. Springs discharged shallow groundwater, mixed with wastewater infiltrating from onsite sanitation practices and contributions from the deeper aquifer and were characterised by low flow rates (< 0.001 m3/s), low pH (<5), high nitrate values (61–190 mg/L as NO3), and residence times of <30 years. The deeper groundwater system occurred in the saprolite/saprock, had low transmissivity (< 1 × 10−5m2/s), lower nitrate values (<20 mg/L as NO3), pH 6–6.5 and longer residence times (40–60 years). Confined groundwater conditions in the valleys were created by the presence of clay-rich alluvium and gave rise to artesian conditions where groundwater had lower nitrate concentrations. The findings provide new insights into weathered basement aquifers in the urban tropics and show that small-scale abstractions are more sustainable in the deeper groundwater system in the valleys, where confined conditions are present.
估算气候变化对乌干达塞济布瓦上游流域地下水补给和基流的影响
DOI: 10.1623/hysj.54.4.713
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DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/124015
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影响因子: 6.7
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DOI: 10.1111/jam.12368
发表时间: 2014-02-01
影响因子: 4
作者:
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