The intestinal microbiota: Antibiotics, colonization resistance, and enteric pathogens.
The intestinal microbiota: Antibiotics, colonization resistance, and enteric pathogens.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/imr.12563
复制
发表时间：
2017-09
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Pamer EG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kim S;Covington A;Pamer EG
人体胃肠道内有多种微生物网络，统称为微生物群，在健康和疾病中起着重要作用。例如，肠道微生物群可以防止入侵的微生物在胃肠道定植，这种现象称为定植抗性。对微生物群的干扰，如抗生素给药，可以改变微生物的组成，并导致定植抗性的丧失。因此，宿主可能对病原体的定殖易感。在医院环境中，这是一个特别相关的问题，因为抗生素的使用和耐药病原体的暴露更为频繁。许多医院感染是由胃肠道定植引起的。由于它们对抗生素的耐药性，治疗往往非常具有挑战性。然而，最近的研究表明，操纵肠道微生物群可以预防和治疗肠道中的各种感染。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了微生物群的成员，以及机制，管理殖民抵抗特定病原体。我们还回顾了抗生素对微生物群的影响，以及免疫功能低下患者的独特流行病学，使他们成为肠道医院感染的特别高风险人群。
The human gastrointestinal tract hosts a diverse network of microorganisms, collectively known as the microbiota that plays an important role in health and disease. For instance, the intestinal microbiota can prevent invading microbes from colonizing the gastrointestinal tract, a phenomenon known as colonization resistance. Perturbations to the microbiota, such as antibiotic administration, can alter microbial composition and result in the loss of colonization resistance. Consequently, the host may be rendered susceptible to colonization by a pathogen. This is a particularly relevant concern in the hospital setting, where antibiotic use and antibiotic-resistant pathogen exposure are more frequent. Many nosocomial infections arise from gastrointestinal colonization. Due to their resistance to antibiotics, treatment is often very challenging. However, recent studies have demonstrated that manipulating the commensal microbiota can prevent and treat various infections in the intestine. In this review, we discuss the members of the microbiota, as well as the mechanisms, that govern colonization resistance against specific pathogens. We also review the effects of antibiotics on the microbiota, as well as the unique epidemiology of immunocompromised patients that renders them a particularly high-risk population to intestinal nosocomial infections.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Brandl, Katharina;Plitas, George;Mihu, Coralia N.;Ubeda, Carles;Jia, Ting;Fleisher, Martin;Schnabl, Bernd;DeMatteo, Ronald P.;Pamer, Eric G.
通讯作者：
Pamer, Eric G.
DOI：
10.1038/nri3535
发表时间：
2013-11
期刊：
Nature reviews. Immunology
影响因子：
--
作者：
通讯作者：
--
影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Caballero S;Carter R;Ke X;Sušac B;Leiner IM;Kim GJ;Miller L;Ling L;Manova K;Pamer EG
通讯作者：
Pamer EG
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Alonso, Carolyn D.;Treadway, Suzanne B.;Marr, Kieren A.
通讯作者：
Marr, Kieren A.
影响因子：
30.3
作者：
Caballero S;Kim S;Carter RA;Leiner IM;Sušac B;Miller L;Kim GJ;Ling L;Pamer EG
通讯作者：
Pamer EG