Rhizobial galactoglucan determines the predatory pattern of Myxococcus xanthus and protects Sinorhizobium meliloti from predation.

Rhizobial galactoglucan determines the predatory pattern of Myxococcus xanthus and protects Sinorhizobium meliloti from predation.
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DOI:
10.1111/1462-2920.12477
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发表时间:
2014-07
影响因子:
5.1
通讯作者:
Muñoz-Dorado J
Muñoz-Dorado J
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pérez J;Jiménez-Zurdo JI;Martínez-Abarca F;Millán V;Shimkets LJ;Muñoz-Dorado J

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黄色粘球菌是一种捕食原核和真核微生物的社会细菌。 M. xanthus 与豆科植物共生中华根瘤菌的参考实验室菌株和田间分离株的共培养揭示了两种不同的捕食模式,类似于正面攻击和狼群攻击。使用两种类型的 M. xanthus 表面运动(A 或冒险运动和 S 或社会运动)受损的突变体和不能形成称为波纹的宏观行波的 csgA 突变体,已经证明,有效捕食需要两种运动系统,但不需要波纹。为了避免正面攻击并降低杀伤率,根瘤细胞需要有功能的 expR 基因。 ExpR 调节涉及多种功能的基因的表达。使用在其中一些功能受损的苜蓿苜蓿突变体表明,外多糖半乳葡聚糖(EPS II)是黄花苜蓿捕食模式的主要决定因素。数据还表明,这种生物聚合物赋予根瘤菌在土壤中生存的生态优势,这可能具有广泛的环境影响。
Myxococcus xanthus is a social bacterium that preys on prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. Co-culture of M. xanthus with reference laboratory strains and field isolates of the legume symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti revealed two different predatory patterns that resemble frontal and wolfpack attacks. Use of mutants impaired in the two types of M. xanthus surface motility (A or adventurous and S or social motility) and a csgA mutant, which is unable to form macroscopic travelling waves known as ripples, has demonstrated that both motility systems but not rippling are required for efficient predation. To avoid frontal attack and reduce killing rates, rhizobial cells require a functional expR gene. ExpR regulates expression of genes involved in a variety of functions. The use of S. meliloti mutants impaired in several of these functions revealed that the exopolysaccharide galactoglucan (EPS II) is the major determinant of the M. xanthus predatory pattern. The data also suggest that this biopolymer confers an ecological advantage to rhizobial survival in soil, which may have broad environmental implications.
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