Candidate genes for cannabis use disorders: findings, challenges and directions.

Candidate genes for cannabis use disorders: findings, challenges and directions.
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DOI:
10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02504.x
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发表时间:
2009-04
期刊:
Addiction (Abingdon, England)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Lynskey MT
Lynskey MT
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Agrawal A;Lynskey MT

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双胞胎研究表明,大麻使用障碍(滥用/依赖)具有高度遗传性。审查的目的是:审查现有的大麻吸毒疾患关联研究,审查基因关联研究,以确定潜在的候选基因,包括已针对复合物质吸毒疾患进行检测的基因,并强调大麻吸毒疾患基因组研究中的挑战。同行评议的连锁和候选基因关联的研究进行了审查。四个连锁研究进行了审查:从这些结果已经归巢在1,3,4,9,14,17和18号染色体上的区域,其中港口的候选人预测的生物相关性,如甘油单酯脂肪酶(MGL)在3号染色体上,但也有新的基因,包括ELTD 1(EGF,latrophilin和7个跨膜结构域1)在1号染色体上。基因关联研究是针对(a)假定对大麻使用障碍有特定影响的基因:CNR 1、CB 2、FAAH、MGL、TRPV 1和GPR 55,以及(B)来自各种神经递质系统的基因,这些基因可能对大麻使用障碍的风险产生非特异性影响,例如GABRA 2、DRD 2和OPRM 1。在以下方面存在挑战:理解大麻使用障碍背后的生物复杂性(包括需要研究基因与基因以及基因与环境的相互作用);使用诊断表型与定量表型;界定大麻参与的哪个阶段(例如使用与滥用)基因的影响;以及样本确定问题。
Twin studies have shown that cannabis use disorders (abuse/dependence) are highly heritable. This review aims to: (i) review existing linkage studies of cannabis use disorders and (ii) review gene association studies, to identify potential candidate genes, including those that have been tested for composite substance use disorders, and (iii) to highlight challenges in the genomic study of cannabis use disorders. Peer-reviewed linkage and candidate gene association studies are reviewed. Four linkage studies are reviewed: results from these have homed in on regions on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 9, 14, 17 and 18, which harbor candidates of predicted biological relevance, such as monoglyceride lipase (MGL) on chromosome 3, but also novel genes, including ELTD1 (EGF, latrophilin and seven transmembrane domain containing 1) on chromosome 1. Gene association studies are presented for (a) genes posited to have specific influences on cannabis use disorders: CNR1, CB2, FAAH, MGL, TRPV1 and GPR55 and (b) genes from various neurotransmitter systems that are likely to exert a non-specific influence on risk of cannabis use disorders e.g. GABRA2, DRD2 and OPRM1. There are challenges associated with (i) understanding biological complexity underlying cannabis use disorders (including the need to study gene-gene and gene-environment interactions), (ii) using diagnostic versus quantitative phenotypes, (iii) delineating which stage of cannabis involvement (e.g. use vs. misuse) genes influence and (iv) problems of sample ascertainment.
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