Probabilistic Quantification of Tsunami Currents in Karachi Port, Makran Subduction Zone, using Statistical Emulation

Probabilistic Quantification of Tsunami Currents in Karachi Port, Makran Subduction Zone, using Statistical Emulation
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使用统计模拟对莫克兰俯冲带卡拉奇港海啸流进行概率量化

DOI:
10.1002/essoar.10502534.1
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发表时间:
2020
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--
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通讯作者:
Gopinathan D
Gopinathan D
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作者:
Gopinathan D

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在本文中,我们在巴基斯坦卡拉奇港的马克兰俯冲带(MSZ)的未来海啸可能产生的局部影响的全方位模型。第一次,3-D俯冲几何Slab 2中采用的MSZ,结合最精细的破裂分割到目前为止,该地区,以提高震源的定义。受MSZ上的大量沉积物层的启发,我们还将沉积物放大公式的应用引入海啸建模,导致海底变形局部增强高达60%。此外,我们为我们的GPU加速海啸代码设计了一种新的非结构化网格算法,以有效地表示流速,包括漩涡,在港口附近的分辨率为10米。为了计算大量的高分辨率海啸情景,对于震级范围的粒度和范围(Gutenberg-Richter关系所暗示的1:100,000的发生率)和源位置,我们创建了海啸模型的统计代理(即仿真器)。因此,我们的主要贡献是迄今为止使用任何现实海啸代码的最大模拟预测集:每个位置100万。我们继续获得概率表示的最大海啸速度和高度在大约200个地点在港口地区的卡拉奇。在其他研究结果中,我们发现了大量的本地变化的电流和高度。因此,我们认为,先进的物理,数值和统计建模的端到端的综合是在沿海工程全面模拟海啸的局部影响。
In this paper, we model the full range of possible local impacts of future tsunamis in the Makran subduction zone (MSZ) at Karachi port, Pakistan. For the first time, the 3-D subduction geometry Slab2 is employed in the MSZ, in conjunction with the most refined rupture segmentation to date for this region, to improve the earthquake source definition. Motivated by the massive sediment layer over the MSZ, we also introduce to tsunami modeling the application of the sediment amplification formula, resulting in enhancements of seabed deformation up to 60% locally. Furthermore, we design a new unstructured mesh algorithm for our GPU-accelerated tsunami code in order to efficiently represent flow velocities, including vortices, down to a resolution of 10m in the vicinity of the port. To afford to compute very large number of high resolution tsunami scenarios, for the granularity and extent of the range of magnitudes (occurrence ratios of 1:100,000 implied by the Gutenberg-Richter relation) and locations of source, we create a statistical surrogate (i.e. emulator) of the tsunami model. Our main contribution is hence the largest set of emulated predictions using any realistic tsunami code to date: 1 million per location. We go on to obtain probabilistic representations of maximum tsunami velocities and heights at around 200 locations in the port area of Karachi. Amongst other findings, we discover substantial local variations of currents and heights. Hence we argue that an end-to-end synthesis of advanced physical, numerical and statistical modeling is instrumental in coastal engineering to comprehensively model local impacts of tsunamis.
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