Mutant alleles of Photoperiod-1 in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that confer a late flowering phenotype in long days.
Mutant alleles of Photoperiod-1 in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that confer a late flowering phenotype in long days.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0079459
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Laurie DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shaw LM;Turner AS;Herry L;Griffiths S;Laurie DA
小麦和大麦的开花时间是由光周期-1 （Ppd-1）基因突变所改变的。半显性的Ppd-1a突变在小麦中具有早开花表型，但基因测序也发现了Ppd-A1和Ppd-D1的候选功能缺失突变。与大麦的隐性ppd-H1突变类似，在长日照条件下，小麦的功能突变损失预计会延迟开花。为验证这一点，在春小麦品种‘Paragon’上培育了渗入系。从γ辐照的‘Paragon’群体中鉴定出缺乏Ppd-B1基因的植株。将这些基因与其他渗入系杂交，产生在一个、两个或三个基因组上具有候选功能丧失突变的植株。缺乏Ppd-B1的品系在长日照条件下比对照晚10 ~ 15天开花。候选功能缺失的Ppd-A1等位基因使开花延迟1 ~ 5天，而候选功能缺失的Ppd-D1等位基因不影响开花时间。Ppd-A1缺失的作用增强，而Ppd-D1缺失在Ppd-B1缺失的细胞系中可以检测到，这表明Ppd-1在其他基因组上的功能等位基因可能缓冲了这种作用。表达分析表明，延迟开花与TaFT1基因表达减少和TaCO1基因表达增加有关。对20世纪40年代至80年代在英国和西北欧种植的GEDIFLUX小麦和20世纪20年代至30年代的A.E. Watkins全球地方品种的调查显示，Ppd-D1的候选功能突变缺失是常见和广泛的，而Ppd-A1的候选功能突变缺失在地中海和远东地区的国家很少见，但在西北欧很常见。这可能反映了后者在北部地区可能带来的好处。
Flowering time in wheat and barley is known to be modified by mutations in the Photoperiod-1 (Ppd-1) gene. Semi-dominant Ppd-1a mutations conferring an early flowering phenotype are well documented in wheat but gene sequencing has also identified candidate loss of function mutations for Ppd-A1 and Ppd-D1. By analogy to the recessive ppd-H1 mutation in barley, loss of function mutations in wheat are predicted to delay flowering under long day conditions. To test this experimentally, introgression lines were developed in the spring wheat variety ‘Paragon’. Plants lacking a Ppd-B1 gene were identified from a gamma irradiated ‘Paragon’ population. These were crossed with the other introgression lines to generate plants with candidate loss of function mutations on one, two or three genomes. Lines lacking Ppd-B1 flowered 10 to 15 days later than controls under long days. Candidate loss of function Ppd-A1 alleles delayed flowering by 1 to 5 days while candidate loss of function Ppd-D1 alleles did not affect flowering time. Loss of Ppd-A1 gave an enhanced effect, and loss of Ppd-D1 became detectable in lines where Ppd-B1 was absent, indicating effects may be buffered by functional Ppd-1 alleles on other genomes. Expression analysis revealed that delayed flowering was associated with reduced expression of the TaFT1 gene and increased expression of TaCO1. A survey of the GEDIFLUX wheat collection grown in the UK and North Western Europe between the 1940s and 1980s and the A.E. Watkins global collection of landraces from the 1920s and 1930s showed that the identified candidate loss of function mutations for Ppd-D1 were common and widespread, while the identified candidate Ppd-A1 loss of function mutation was rare in countries around the Mediterranean and in the Far East but was common in North Western Europe. This may reflect a possible benefit of the latter in northern locations.
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