Self-administration of (+)-methamphetamine and (+)-pseudoephedrine, alone and combined, by rhesus monkeys.
Self-administration of (+)-methamphetamine and (+)-pseudoephedrine, alone and combined, by rhesus monkeys.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pbb.2010.01.005
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发表时间：
2010-04
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Woolverton, William L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Freeman, Kevin B.;Wang, Zhixia;Woolverton, William L.
(+)-甲基苯丙胺 (MA) 是一种非法精神兴奋剂，可由非处方鼻减充血剂 (+)-伪麻黄碱 (PE) 合成。虽然 MA 被广泛滥用，但 PE 在目前可用的配方中似乎很少或没有滥用倾向。然而，PE 产生中枢介导的多巴胺能效应，该效应与 MA 和其他非法精神兴奋剂的增强作用有关，并且据报道在非人类灵长类动物中起到积极的增强作用。目前尚未对 MA 和 PE 的相对强化效果进行评估。因此，本研究比较了四只恒河猴单独和联合使用 MA 和 PE 的强化效力和强度，这些恒河猴被允许在渐进比例强化方案下自行施用 MA（0.003-0.3 mg/kg/inj）、PE（0.1-3.0 mg/kg/inj）或两者的组合。 (+)-甲基苯丙胺以剂量依赖性方式充当正强化剂。 (+)-伪麻黄碱也可作为正强化剂，但不如 MA 有效。 MA、PE 或两者的任何组合之间的最大注射量没有差异。剂量相加分析和相互作用指数表明，PE和MA的组合在其增强效果方面要么是相加的，要么是亚相加的。这些结果表明，虽然 MA 是比 PE 更有效的增强剂，但这两种药物在增强强度方面具有可比性。然而，MA 和 PE 似乎并没有以增强其相对强化效应的方式相互作用。
(+)-Methamphetamine (MA) is an illicit psychostimulant that can be synthesized from the nonprescription nasal decongestant, (+)-pseudoephedrine (PE). While MA is widely abused, PE appears to have little or no abuse liability in currently available formulations. However, PE produces centrally-mediated dopaminergic effects that are linked to the reinforcing effects of MA and other illicit psychostimulants and has been reported to function as a positive reinforcer in non-human primates. There has yet to be an assessment of the relative reinforcing effects of MA and PE. Therefore, the current study compared the reinforcing potency and strength of MA and PE, alone and combined, in four rhesus monkeys that were allowed to self-administer MA (0.003-0.3 mg/kg/inj), PE (0.1-3.0 mg/kg/inj), or combinations of the two under a progressive-ratio schedule of reinforcement. (+)-Methamphetamine functioned as a positive reinforcer in a dose-dependent manner. (+)-Pseudoephedrine also functioned as a positive reinforcer, but was less potent than MA. There were no differences in maximum injections between MA, PE, or any of the combinations of the two. Dose-addition analysis and the interaction index indicated that combinations of PE and MA were either additive or sub-additive in their reinforcing effects. These results suggest that, while MA is a more potent reinforcer than PE, the two drugs are comparable in terms of reinforcing strength. However, MA and PE do not appear to interact in a manner that enhances their relative reinforcing effects.
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影响因子：
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