Divergent Macroparasite Infections in Parapatric Swiss Lake-Stream Pairs of Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus).
Divergent Macroparasite Infections in Parapatric Swiss Lake-Stream Pairs of Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus).
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0130579
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Seehausen O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karvonen A;Lucek K;Marques DA;Seehausen O
寄生的多样性和强度的空间异质性是大多数宿主-寄生虫相互作用的典型特征，但这种变化的进化意义的理解是有限的。感染异质性的一个可能结果是寄生虫介导的宿主种群、生态型或物种之间的趋异选择，这可能促进生态物种形成的过程。然而，很少有研究已经描述了感染的人口对沿沿着的物种形成的连续性，从低到中等或高度的遗传分化，将解决寄生虫介导的分歧选择的可能性，在早期阶段的物种形成过程。在这里，我们提供了一个例子，不同的寄生在淡水鱼的生态类型，通过检查大型寄生虫感染threespine刺鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus）的四个瑞士湖泊系统，每个港口parapatric湖流生态型对。我们证明了显着的差异，特别是由寄生虫类群从底栖无脊椎动物传播到鱼类的驱动对内和之间的感染。的差异的大小往往与中性的遗传分化的程度之间的parapatric湖和流种群的棘鱼呈正相关，而没有发现这样的相关性来自相似或对比的栖息地之间的异域种群。这表明，遗传分化是无关的寄生虫感染的对比度的大小时，基因流受到地理障碍，而在没有物理障碍，遗传分化和感染的差异的大小往往是正相关的。
Spatial heterogeneity in diversity and intensity of parasitism is a typical feature of most host-parasite interactions, but understanding of the evolutionary implications of such variation is limited. One possible outcome of infection heterogeneities is parasite-mediated divergent selection between host populations, ecotypes or species which may facilitate the process of ecological speciation. However, very few studies have described infections in population-pairs along the speciation continuum from low to moderate or high degree of genetic differentiation that would address the possibility of parasite-mediated divergent selection in the early stages of the speciation process. Here we provide an example of divergent parasitism in freshwater fish ecotypes by examining macroparasite infections in threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) of four Swiss lake systems each harbouring parapatric lake-stream ecotype pairs. We demonstrate significant differences in infections within and between the pairs that are driven particularly by the parasite taxa transmitted to fish from benthic invertebrates. The magnitude of the differences tended to correlate positively with the extent of neutral genetic differentiation between the parapatric lake and stream populations of stickleback, whereas no such correlation was found among allopatric populations from similar or contrasting habitats. This suggests that genetic differentiation is unrelated to the magnitude of parasite infection contrasts when gene flow is constrained by geographical barriers while in the absence of physical barriers, genetic differentiation and the magnitude of differences in infections tend to be positively correlated.
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影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Garant, Dany;Forde, Samantha E.;Hendry, Andrew P.
通讯作者：
Hendry, Andrew P.
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Faltynkova, A.;Valtonen, E. T.;Karvonen, A.
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Karvonen, A.
影响因子：
2.4
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3.3
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Bernatchez, L
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Berner, Daniel;Grandchamp, Anne-Catherine;Hendry, Andrew P.
通讯作者：
Hendry, Andrew P.