In vitro effects of exercise on the heart.
In vitro effects of exercise on the heart.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.lfs.2014.08.015
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发表时间：
2014-10-29
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Wold LE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Youtz DJ;Isfort MC;Eichenseer CM;Nelin TD;Wold LE
作用于心脏的病理和生理因素可产生持续的压力变化、容量超负荷或心输出量增加。这些变化可能导致心脏重塑，最终导致心脏肥大。运动也可以诱发肥大，主要是生理性的。为了确定每种类型的重塑的机制，重要的是要检查心脏的功能单位，心肌细胞。在体外对单个心肌细胞功能进行测试，可以更深入地了解肥大期间心脏内发生的变化。在运动过程中的心肌细胞功能的检查主要遵循两种途径之一：在体外向正常心肌细胞添加肥大诱导剂，或使用训练的动物模型并在体内肥大发展后分离细胞。由于成年心肌细胞的寿命短，因此在体外直接刺激细胞以诱导肥大的研究相对较少。这些尝试提供了目前唯一的证据，因为很难收集大量数据来证明细胞生长是体外物理刺激的结果。研究人员已经创造了将骨骼肌细胞与心肌细胞联合收割机结合的方法，以产生用于修复病理心脏组织的功能性肌肉细胞，但仍在与这些细胞的短寿命作斗争。虽然已经有关于体外心脏肥大机制的有希望的发现，但将体外发现转化为体内功能并不一致。因此，本次审查的重点是突出最近的研究，研究了运动对心脏的影响，在体外和体内。
Pathologic and physiologic factors acting on the heart can produce consistent pressure changes, volume overload, or increased cardiac output. These changes may then lead to cardiac remodeling, ultimately resulting in cardiac hypertrophy. Exercise can also induce hypertrophy, primarily physiologic in nature. To determine the mechanisms responsible for each type of remodeling, it is important to examine the heart at the functional unit, the cardiomyocyte. Tests of individual cardiomyocyte function in vitro provide deeper understanding of the changes occurring within the heart during hypertrophy. Examination of cardiomyocyte function during exercise primarily follows one of two pathways: the addition of hypertrophic inducing agents in vitro to normal cardiomyocytes, or the use of trained animal models and isolating cells following the development of hypertrophy in vivo. Due to the short lifespan of adult cardiomyocytes, a proportionately scant amount of research exists involving the direct stimulation of cells in vitro to induce hypertrophy. These attempts provide the only current evidence, as it is difficult to gather extensive data demonstrating cell growth as a result of in vitro physical stimulation. Researchers have created ways to combine skeletal myocytes with cardiomyocytes to produce functional muscle cells used to repair pathologic heart tissue, but continue to struggle with the short lifespan of these cells. While there have been promising findings regarding the mechanisms that surround cardiac hypertrophy in vitro, the translation of in vitro findings to in vivo function is not consistent. Therefore, the focus of this review is to highlight recent studies that have investigated the effect of exercise on the heart, both in vitro and in vivo.
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