Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor pathways & corresponding therapeutics in kidney cancer.

Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor pathways & corresponding therapeutics in kidney cancer.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.jgg.2021.05.016
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发表时间:
2021-07-20
期刊:
Journal of genetics and genomics = Yi chuan xue bao
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Zhang Q
Zhang Q
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shulman M;Shi R;Zhang Q

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Von Hippel-Lindau(VHL)基因的鉴定和应用是肾癌研究中的一项开创性突破。VHL及其蛋白质pVHL是大多数肾癌的根本原因,除了上述肿瘤发生途径和治疗外,它们下方的级联途径对于理解缺氧至关重要。我们回顾了VHL/pVHL和缺氧诱导因子(HIF)的历史和功能,它们在低氧环境下分别作为E3泛素连接酶和转录因子的已知活性,以及它们最近发现的非经典功能。此外,我们讨论了它们的失调如何促进肿瘤发生:从染色体3 p臂(3 p)丢失/表观遗传甲基化开始,然后是两个等位基因敲除,然后是互补肿瘤抑制基因的丢失导致细胞沿着可预测的肿瘤学路径发展。这一途径可以最终决定最致命的泌尿生殖系统癌症的等级、结果和严重程度。最后,我们研究了目前和提出的治疗透明细胞肾细胞癌(ccRCC)的方案,这些方案通过利用血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)抑制剂、雷帕霉素复合物1(mTORC 1)抑制剂的哺乳动物靶点、小分子HIF抑制剂、免疫检查点阻断疗法和合成致死性来操纵低氧途径。
The identification and application of the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene is a seminal breakthrough in kidney cancer research. VHL and its protein pVHL are the root cause of most kidney cancers, and the cascading pathway below them is crucial for understanding hypoxia, in addition to the aforementioned tumorigenesis routes and treatments. We reviewed the history and functions of VHL/pVHL and Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), their well-known activities under low-oxygen environments as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and as a transcription factor, respectively, as well as their non-canonical functions revealed recently. Additionally, we discussed are how their dysregulation promotes tumorigenesis: beginning with chromosome 3 p-arm (3p) loss/epigenetic methylation, followed by two-allele knockout, before the loss of complimentary tumor suppressor genes leads cells down predictable oncological paths. This pathway can ultimately determine the grade, outcome, and severity of the deadliest genitourinary cancer. We finish by investigating current and proposed schemes to therapeutically treat clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) by manipulating the hypoxic pathway utilizing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitors, small molecule HIF inhibitors, immune checkpoint blockade therapy, and synthetic lethality.
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