Existence of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Molecules in the Oral Cavity.
Existence of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Molecules in the Oral Cavity.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms21176000
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发表时间：
2020-08-20
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Tsukinoki K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sakaguchi W;Kubota N;Shimizu T;Saruta J;Fuchida S;Kawata A;Yamamoto Y;Sugimoto M;Yakeishi M;Tsukinoki K
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）受体、血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE 2）、跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶2（TMPRSS 2）和弗林蛋白酶（furin）是SARS-CoV-2感染的决定因素，它们促进病毒进入宿主细胞。检查舌背和牙龈、唾液和舌苔样品，以确定口腔中这些分子的存在。免疫组化结果显示ACE 2在舌背和牙龈的复层鳞状上皮中表达。TMPRSS 2在角质化表层的复层鳞状上皮中强烈表达，并通过Western blot在唾液和舌苔样品中检测到。弗林蛋白酶主要定位于复层鳞状上皮的下层，并在唾液中检测到，而不是舌苔。在味蕾来源的培养细胞中观察到ACE 2、TMPRSS 2和弗林蛋白酶mRNA表达，这与免疫荧光观察结果相似。这些数据表明SARS-CoV-2感染的必需分子在口腔中是丰富的。然而，数据库分析表明，唾液中也含有许多蛋白酶抑制剂。因此，尽管口腔可能是SARS-CoV-2的进入途径，但应考虑其他因素，包括唾液中抑制病毒进入的蛋白酶抑制剂。
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), and furin, which promote entry of the virus into the host cell, have been identified as determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Dorsal tongue and gingiva, saliva, and tongue coating samples were examined to determine the presence of these molecules in the oral cavity. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that ACE2 was expressed in the stratified squamous epithelium of the dorsal tongue and gingiva. TMPRSS2 was strongly expressed in stratified squamous epithelium in the keratinized surface layer and detected in the saliva and tongue coating samples via Western blot. Furin was localized mainly in the lower layer of stratified squamous epithelium and detected in the saliva but not tongue coating. ACE2, TMPRSS2, and furin mRNA expression was observed in taste bud-derived cultured cells, which was similar to the immunofluorescence observations. These data showed that essential molecules for SARS-CoV-2 infection were abundant in the oral cavity. However, the database analysis showed that saliva also contains many protease inhibitors. Therefore, although the oral cavity may be the entry route for SARS-CoV-2, other factors including protease inhibitors in the saliva that inhibit viral entry should be considered.
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