Inhalation of Alcohol Vapor: Measurement and Implications.
Inhalation of Alcohol Vapor: Measurement and Implications.
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DOI：
10.1111/acer.13291
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发表时间：
2017-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sofuoglu M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MacLean RR;Valentine GW;Jatlow PI;Sofuoglu M
几十年的酒精研究已经确定了口服酒精消费的健康风险和药效学特征。尽管有孤立的公共卫生问题，但相对较少的研究评估了酒精蒸汽的暴露。吸入酒精最初绕过首过代谢，并迅速到达动脉循环和大脑，这表明这种给药途径可能与增加成瘾风险的药理作用有关。然而，缺乏评估吸入酒精对人类可能影响的详细综述。使用Google Scholar和PubMed进行了一项全面、系统的文献综述，以检查研究人类参与者吸入酒精暴露和测量与酒精摄入相关的生物标志物（生物化学或功能）的手稿。21篇出版物报告了酒精吸入。14项研究检查了与职业暴露相关的酒精蒸汽吸入（例如，洗手液）在各种环境中（例如，自然主义，实验室）。六篇出版物测量了在受控实验室室中吸入酒精的情况，1篇出版物评估了直接吸入含有乙醇的“电子液体”的电子烟的情况。一些研究报告称，吸入酒精蒸汽会导致急性酒精暴露的可测量生物标志物，最明显的是乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷。尽管没有显著升高的血液酒精浓度，但与重复使用能够输送酒精蒸汽的装置相关的行为后果和主观影响尚未确定。没有研究关注弱势群体，如青少年或酒精使用障碍的个人，他们可能最有可能出现与酒精吸入有关的问题。
Decades of alcohol research have established the health risks and pharmacodynamic profile of oral alcohol consumption. Despite isolated periods of public health concern, comparatively less research has evaluated exposure to alcohol vapor. Inhaled alcohol initially bypasses first-pass metabolism and rapidly reaches the arterial circulation and the brain, suggesting that this route of administration may be associated with pharmacological effects that increase the risk of addiction. However, detailed reviews assessing the possible effects of inhaled alcohol in humans are lacking. A comprehensive, systematic literature review was conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed to examine manuscripts studying exposure to inhaled alcohol and measurement of biomarkers (biochemical or functional) associated with alcohol consumption in human participants. Twenty-one publications reported on alcohol inhalation. Fourteen studies examined inhalation of alcohol vapor associated with occupational exposure (e.g., hand sanitizer) in a variety of settings (e.g., naturalistic, laboratory). Six publications measured inhalation of alcohol in a controlled laboratory chamber, and 1 evaluated direct inhalation of an e-cigarette with ethanol-containing “e-liquid.” Some studies have reported that inhalation of alcohol vapor results in measurable biomarkers of acute alcohol exposure, most notably ethyl glucuronide. Despite the lack of significantly elevated blood alcohol concentrations, the behavioral consequences and subjective effects associated with repeated use of devices capable of delivering alcohol vapor are yet to be determined. No studies have focused on vulnerable populations, such as adolescents or individuals with alcohol use disorder, who may be most at risk of problems associated with alcohol inhalation.
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影响因子：
2.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
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