Bridging the Gap between Optimal Trajectory Planning and Safety-Critical Control with Applications to Autonomous Vehicles

Bridging the Gap between Optimal Trajectory Planning and Safety-Critical Control with Applications to Autonomous Vehicles
复制标题

通过在自动驾驶汽车上的应用来缩小最佳轨迹规划和安全关键控制之间的差距

DOI:
10.1016/j.automatica.2021.109592
复制
发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
6.4
通讯作者:
Belta, C.
Belta, C.
中科院分区:
计算机科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xiao, W.;Cassandras, C.G.;Belta, C.

文献摘要

参考文献

被引文献

相似文献

我们解决的问题,优化性能的动态系统,同时在任何时候都满足硬安全约束。实现最优控制解决方案受到在真实的时间中导出它所需的计算成本的限制,特别是当约束变得活跃时,以及需要依赖于简单的线性动力学、简单的目标函数和忽略噪声。最近提出的控制障碍函数(CBF)的方法可以用于安全关键控制的次优性能为代价。在本文中,我们开发了一个实时控制框架,它结合了通过最优控制产生的最优轨迹与计算效率高的CBF方法提供安全保证。我们使用哈密顿分析,以获得一个易于处理的线性或线性化系统的最优解,然后采用高阶CBF(HOCBF)和控制李雅普诺夫函数(CLF)帐户的约束与任意相对程度和跟踪最优状态,分别。我们进一步展示了如何处理任意相对度系统中的噪声。然后将所提出的框架应用于互联和自动驾驶车辆(CAV)的最优交通合并问题,其目标是联合最小化每个CAV的行驶时间和能耗,并受到速度,加速度和速度相关的安全约束。此外,当考虑到更复杂的目标函数,非线性动力学和乘客的舒适度要求,分析最优控制解决方案是不可用的,我们适应HOCBF方法,这样的问题。包括模拟的例子,以比较所提出的框架的性能,最佳的解决方案(当可用时)和由人类驾驶的车辆提供的基线,结果显示在所有指标的显着改善。
We address the problem of optimizing the performance of a dynamic system while satisfying hard safety constraints at all times. Implementing an optimal control solution is limited by the computational cost required to derive it in real time, especially when constraints become active, as well as the need to rely on simple linear dynamics, simple objective functions, and ignoring noise. The recently proposed Control Barrier Function (CBF) method may be used for safety-critical control at the expense of sub-optimal performance. In this paper, we develop a real-time control framework that combines optimal trajectories generated through optimal control with the computationally efficient CBF method providing safety guarantees. We use Hamiltonian analysis to obtain a tractable optimal solution for a linear or linearized system, then employ High Order CBFs (HOCBFs) and Control Lyapunov Functions (CLFs) to account for constraints with arbitrary relative degrees and to track the optimal state, respectively. We further show how to deal with noise in arbitrary relative degree systems. The proposed framework is then applied to the optimal traffic merging problem for Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) where the objective is to jointly minimize the travel time and energy consumption of each CAV subject to speed, acceleration, and speed-dependent safety constraints. In addition, when considering more complex objective functions, nonlinear dynamics and passenger comfort requirements for which analytical optimal control solutions are unavailable, we adapt the HOCBF method to such problems. Simulation examples are included to compare the performance of the proposed framework to optimal solutions (when available) and to a baseline provided by human-driven vehicles with results showing significant improvements in all metrics.
目标导向的人体运动最优控制模型
DOI: 10.1137/100799344
发表时间: 2010
期刊: SIAM J. Control. Optim.
影响因子: --
作者:
Y. Chitour;F. Jean;P. Mason
通讯作者: P. Mason
DOI: 10.23919/acc45564.2020.9147805
发表时间: 2020-07
期刊: 2020 American Control Conference (ACC)
影响因子: --
作者:
Wei Xiao;C. Cassandras
通讯作者: Wei Xiao;C. Cassandras
使用类 Lyapunov 屏障函数的多智能体系统的多目标控制
DOI: 10.1109/cdc.2013.6760091
发表时间: 2013
期刊: 52nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control
影响因子: --
作者:
["Dimitra Panagou
通讯作者: ["Dimitra Panagou
二连杆自由飞行杂技机器人的分析时间最优控制解
DOI: 10.1109/robot.2001.933037
发表时间: 2001
期刊: Proceedings 2001 ICRA. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.01CH37164)
影响因子: --
作者:
T. Mita;T. Nam;S. Hyon
通讯作者: S. Hyon
DOI: 10.1109/lcsys.2017.2710943
发表时间: 2017-10-01
影响因子: 3
作者:
Glotfelter, Paul;Cortes, Jorge;Egerstedt, Magnus
通讯作者: Egerstedt, Magnus