Bridging the Gap between Optimal Trajectory Planning and Safety-Critical Control with Applications to Autonomous Vehicles
Bridging the Gap between Optimal Trajectory Planning and Safety-Critical Control with Applications to Autonomous Vehicles
复制标题
通过在自动驾驶汽车上的应用来缩小最佳轨迹规划和安全关键控制之间的差距
DOI:
10.1016/j.automatica.2021.109592
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
6.4
通讯作者:
Belta, C.
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xiao, W.;Cassandras, C.G.;Belta, C.
We address the problem of optimizing the performance of a dynamic system while satisfying hard safety constraints at all times. Implementing an optimal control solution is limited by the computational cost required to derive it in real time, especially when constraints become active, as well as the need to rely on simple linear dynamics, simple objective functions, and ignoring noise. The recently proposed Control Barrier Function (CBF) method may be used for safety-critical control at the expense of sub-optimal performance. In this paper, we develop a real-time control framework that combines optimal trajectories generated through optimal control with the computationally efficient CBF method providing safety guarantees. We use Hamiltonian analysis to obtain a tractable optimal solution for a linear or linearized system, then employ High Order CBFs (HOCBFs) and Control Lyapunov Functions (CLFs) to account for constraints with arbitrary relative degrees and to track the optimal state, respectively. We further show how to deal with noise in arbitrary relative degree systems. The proposed framework is then applied to the optimal traffic merging problem for Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) where the objective is to jointly minimize the travel time and energy consumption of each CAV subject to speed, acceleration, and speed-dependent safety constraints. In addition, when considering more complex objective functions, nonlinear dynamics and passenger comfort requirements for which analytical optimal control solutions are unavailable, we adapt the HOCBF method to such problems. Simulation examples are included to compare the performance of the proposed framework to optimal solutions (when available) and to a baseline provided by human-driven vehicles with results showing significant improvements in all metrics.
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DOI:
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发表时间:
2010
期刊:
SIAM J. Control. Optim.
影响因子:
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作者:
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通讯作者:
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通讯作者:
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