Reticulated origin of domesticated emmer wheat supports a dynamic model for the emergence of agriculture in the fertile crescent.
Reticulated origin of domesticated emmer wheat supports a dynamic model for the emergence of agriculture in the fertile crescent.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0081955
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Brown TA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Civáň P;Ivaničová Z;Brown TA
我们利用核基因序列数据集的超级网络和检测核糖体DNA位点上反转录转座子插入的新标记来重新评估四倍体小麦之间的进化关系。我们发现驯化的emmer具有网状的遗传祖先，与野生范围内所有地区的野生种群共享系统发育信号。驯化后小麦与野生小麦之间的基因流动不能解释遗传网络的程度，四倍体小麦之间的系统发育关系与驯化小麦从单一野生群体的简单线性遗传是不相容的。对这些数据的一个更简洁的解释是，驯化的二聚体起源于不同野生谱系的杂交种群。观察到的多样性和网状模式表明，野生四毛鳗在黎凡特南部进化，土耳其东南部和扎格罗斯山脉的野生四毛鳗种群是黎凡特野生种群中一个子集的相对较近的网状后代。基于我们的研究结果，我们提出了一种新的驯化emmer的出现模型。在前驯化时期，从幼发拉底河以西的大片地区收集了各种各样的野生种群，并在混交林中种植。在这些栽培林分中，杂交产生了与其祖先种群表现出网状系谱关系的谱系。早期农民逐渐离开黎凡特，将未驯化的网状谱系引入新月沃土的北部和东部，产生了当地的野生种群，但也促进了驯化特征的固定。我们的模型与考古植物学证据表明的长期和分散的向农业的过渡是一致的，也与土耳其东南部驯养的emmer与野生种群有关的先前遗传数据相一致。与其他旷日持久的模型不同，我们假设人类在整个过程中发挥了直觉作用。
We used supernetworks with datasets of nuclear gene sequences and novel markers detecting retrotransposon insertions in ribosomal DNA loci to reassess the evolutionary relationships among tetraploid wheats. We show that domesticated emmer has a reticulated genetic ancestry, sharing phylogenetic signals with wild populations from all parts of the wild range. The extent of the genetic reticulation cannot be explained by post-domestication gene flow between cultivated emmer and wild plants, and the phylogenetic relationships among tetraploid wheats are incompatible with simple linear descent of the domesticates from a single wild population. A more parsimonious explanation of the data is that domesticated emmer originates from a hybridized population of different wild lineages. The observed diversity and reticulation patterns indicate that wild emmer evolved in the southern Levant, and that the wild emmer populations in south-eastern Turkey and the Zagros Mountains are relatively recent reticulate descendants of a subset of the Levantine wild populations. Based on our results we propose a new model for the emergence of domesticated emmer. During a pre-domestication period, diverse wild populations were collected from a large area west of the Euphrates and cultivated in mixed stands. Within these cultivated stands, hybridization gave rise to lineages displaying reticulated genealogical relationships with their ancestral populations. Gradual movement of early farmers out of the Levant introduced the pre-domesticated reticulated lineages to the northern and eastern parts of the Fertile Crescent, giving rise to the local wild populations but also facilitating fixation of domestication traits. Our model is consistent with the protracted and dispersed transition to agriculture indicated by the archaeobotanical evidence, and also with previous genetic data affiliating domesticated emmer with the wild populations in southeast Turkey. Unlike other protracted models, we assume that humans played an intuitive role throughout the process.
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
GOLENBERG, EM
通讯作者：
GOLENBERG, EM
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Allaby, RG;Brown, TA
通讯作者：
Brown, TA
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作者：
Bettinger, Robert;Richerson, Peter;Boyd, Robert
通讯作者：
Boyd, Robert
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作者：
Fuller, Dorian Q.;Asouti, Eleni;Purugganan, Michael D.
通讯作者：
Purugganan, Michael D.
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56.9
作者：
Heun, M;SchaferPregl, R;Salamini, F
通讯作者：
Salamini, F