Highly functional virus-specific cellular immune response in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Highly functional virus-specific cellular immune response in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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DOI：
10.1084/jem.20202617
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发表时间：
2021-05-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tam CC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Le Bert N;Clapham HE;Tan AT;Chia WN;Tham CYL;Lim JM;Kunasegaran K;Tan LWL;Dutertre CA;Shankar N;Lim JME;Sun LJ;Zahari M;Tun ZM;Kumar V;Lim BL;Lim SH;Chia A;Tan YJ;Tambyah PA;Kalimuddin S;Lye D;Low JGH;Wang LF;Wan WY;Hsu LY;Bertoletti A;Tam CC
通过使用快速全血T细胞活化试验测量SARS-CoV-2特异性T细胞释放的细胞因子，Le Bert等人表明，清除SARS-CoV-2感染而无症状的个体会产生高度功能性的病毒特异性细胞免疫应答。病毒特异性T细胞清除病原体的功效涉及抗病毒和炎症特征之间的良好平衡。清除SARS-CoV-2而无症状的个体中的SARS-CoV-2特异性T细胞可能显示出非病理性但具有保护性的特征。我们纵向研究了血清转换后的无症状（n = 85）和有症状（n = 75）COVID-19患者队列中的SARS-CoV-2特异性T细胞。我们使用ELISpot和全血中的细胞因子分泌来定量与结构蛋白（M、NP和刺突）反应的T细胞。SARS-CoV-2特异性T细胞的频率在无症状和有症状的个体之间相似，但前者显示IFN-γ和IL-2的产生增加。这与IL-10和促炎细胞因子（IL-6，TNF-α和IL-1β）仅在无症状感染中的比例分泌有关，而炎性细胞因子的不成比例分泌是由SARS-CoV-2特异性T细胞激活引发的。因此，无症状的SARS-CoV-2感染者的抗病毒免疫力并不弱;相反，他们会产生高度功能性的病毒特异性细胞免疫应答。
By using a rapid whole-blood T cell activation assay measuring cytokines released by SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells, Le Bert et al. show that individuals who clear SARS-CoV-2 infection without symptoms mount a highly functional virus-specific cellular immune response. The efficacy of virus-specific T cells in clearing pathogens involves a fine balance between antiviral and inflammatory features. SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells in individuals who clear SARS-CoV-2 without symptoms could reveal nonpathological yet protective characteristics. We longitudinally studied SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells in a cohort of asymptomatic (n = 85) and symptomatic (n = 75) COVID-19 patients after seroconversion. We quantified T cells reactive to structural proteins (M, NP, and Spike) using ELISpot and cytokine secretion in whole blood. Frequencies of SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells were similar between asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals, but the former showed an increased IFN-γ and IL-2 production. This was associated with a proportional secretion of IL-10 and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) only in asymptomatic infection, while a disproportionate secretion of inflammatory cytokines was triggered by SARS-CoV-2–specific T cell activation in symptomatic individuals. Thus, asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2–infected individuals are not characterized by weak antiviral immunity; on the contrary, they mount a highly functional virus-specific cellular immune response.
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