Applying the Haddon matrix conceptual model to guide motor vehicle crash injury research and prevention in Botswana.
Applying the Haddon matrix conceptual model to guide motor vehicle crash injury research and prevention in Botswana.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.afjem.2020.04.006
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wiebe DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bocage C;Mashalla Y;Motshome P;Fane O;Masilo-Nkhoma L;Mathiba O;Mautle E;Kuiperij B;Mmusi T;Holmes JH;Tam V;Barg FK;Wiebe DJ
很少有文献涉及博茨瓦纳的伤害负担，包括机动车碰撞（mvc）造成的创伤。为此，博茨瓦纳大学和博茨瓦纳卫生和保健部正在与宾夕法尼亚大学合作，加强博茨瓦纳的伤害和创伤研究能力。在这里，我们描述了这一培训计划和一项研究活动，以确定通过未来的研究和对策，特别是在博茨瓦纳预防mvc的机会。在项目的前两年，我们在培训模块中启动了一项混合方法研究。该模块引入了Haddon矩阵作为概念框架，并要求学员识别宿主、媒介和物理/社会环境风险因素，如果有针对性，可能导致一级、二级或三级预防。我们进行了10次照片语音引出访谈；对结果进行了专题分析，以进一步阐明博茨瓦纳MVCs的背景和潜在的对策。我们的过程确定了一系列阻碍或促进MVC预防的想法。最常见的障碍是道路上的动物、醉酒或鲁莽驾驶、道路质量差、缺乏道路标志/交通信号来引导司机，以及能见度差（例如，没有街道照明；车辆照明差）。关于初级预防，与会者在所有矩阵级别上确定了事故发生前的特征，这些特征是博茨瓦纳事故的影响因素。其中，一些人为因素（即超速驾驶、酒后驾驶）和环境因素（即道路上的牲畜）通常被认为是造成MVCs的因素，此外还有牛门和预防的交通平静措施。哈顿矩阵演习的结果证明对训练迅速发展的博茨瓦纳研究人员从概念上思考博茨瓦纳境内发生的暴力犯罪和创造性地思考针对预防的对策很有用。这个练习产生了潜在的研究问题，供受训者在他们自己的指导下进行研究。
Little literature addresses the burden of injury in Botswana, including trauma from motor-vehicle crashes (MVCs). In response, the University of Botswana and the Botswana Ministry of Health and Wellness are collaborating with the University of Pennsylvania to enhance injury and trauma research capacity in Botswana. Here we describe this training program and a research exercise to identify opportunities to prevent, through future research and countermeasures, MVCs specifically in Botswana. We initiated a mixed-methods study during a training module during the first two years of the program. The module introduced the Haddon matrix as a conceptual framework, and asked trainees to identify host, vector, and physical/social environment risk factors for MVCs that, if targeted, may lead to primary, secondary, or tertiary prevention. We conducted 10 photovoice elicitation interviews; results were thematically analyzed to further elucidate the context of MVCs in Botswana and potential countermeasures. Our process identified a range of ideas as barriers or facilitators to MVC prevention. The most commonly cited barriers were animals on the road, drunk or reckless driving, poor road quality, lack of road signs/traffic signals to orient drivers, and poor visibility (e.g., no street lighting; poor lighting on vehicles). Regarding primary prevention, participants identified features prior to the crash, across all matrix levels, as influencers of crashes in Botswana. Among these, several human factors (i.e., over-speeding; drunk driving) and environmental factors (i.e., livestock on road) were commonly mentioned as contributors to MVCs, as were cattle gates and traffic calming measures for prevention. Results of the Haddon matrix exercise proved useful for training burgeoning Batswana researchers to think conceptually about the occurrence of MVCs in Botswana and think creatively about targeting countermeasures for prevention. The exercise resulted in potential research questions for the trainees to pursue in mentored research of their own.
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