Sunscreens cause coral bleaching by promoting viral infections.
Sunscreens cause coral bleaching by promoting viral infections.
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防晒霜通过促进病毒感染引起珊瑚漂白。
DOI：
10.1289/ehp.10966
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发表时间：
2008-04
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Pusceddu, Antonio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Danovaro, Roberto;Bongiorni, Lucia;Corinaldesi, Cinzia;Giovannelli, Donato;Damiani, Elisabetta;Astolfi, Paola;Greci, Lucedio;Pusceddu, Antonio
珊瑚白化（即，珊瑚共生虫黄藻的释放对生物多样性和珊瑚礁生态系统的功能及其产品和服务的生产产生不利影响。这种全球性的现象与温度异常、高辐照度、污染和细菌性疾病有关。最近，研究表明，包括防晒霜在内的个人护理产品对水生生物的影响与其他污染物相似。我们的目标是评估防晒成分对硬珊瑚及其共生藻类的潜在影响。在几个热带地区（大西洋、印度洋、太平洋和红海）进行了现场和实验室实验，给珊瑚枝补充防晒剂配方中所含的防晒剂和普通紫外线过滤剂。通过落射荧光和透射电子显微镜分析检查虫黄藻的病毒感染。防晒霜会导致硬珊瑚迅速、完全白化，即使浓度极低也是如此。防晒霜的作用是由于有机紫外线过滤剂，它能够诱导具有潜伏感染的共生虫黄藻的裂解病毒周期。我们的结论是，防晒霜，通过促进病毒感染，可能发挥重要作用，在珊瑚漂白的地区容易被人类的娱乐使用水平高。
Coral bleaching (i.e., the release of coral symbiotic zooxanthellae) has negative impacts on biodiversity and functioning of reef ecosystems and their production of goods and services. This increasing world-wide phenomenon is associated with temperature anomalies, high irradiance, pollution, and bacterial diseases. Recently, it has been demonstrated that personal care products, including sunscreens, have an impact on aquatic organisms similar to that of other contaminants. Our goal was to evaluate the potential impact of sunscreen ingredients on hard corals and their symbiotic algae. In situ and laboratory experiments were conducted in several tropical regions (the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, and the Red Sea) by supplementing coral branches with aliquots of sunscreens and common ultraviolet filters contained in sunscreen formula. Zooxanthellae were checked for viral infection by epifluorescence and transmission electron microscopy analyses. Sunscreens cause the rapid and complete bleaching of hard corals, even at extremely low concentrations. The effect of sunscreens is due to organic ultraviolet filters, which are able to induce the lytic viral cycle in symbiotic zooxanthellae with latent infections. We conclude that sunscreens, by promoting viral infection, potentially play an important role in coral bleaching in areas prone to high levels of recreational use by humans.
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影响因子：
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