Review: Livestock disease resilience: from individual to herd level.
Review: Livestock disease resilience: from individual to herd level.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.animal.2021.100286
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发表时间：
2021-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
More SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Doeschl-Wilson A;Knap PW;Opriessnig T;More SJ
传染病是对高产动物可持续生产的主要威胁。控制努力，如接种疫苗或饲养方法，往往以提高个体对感染的抵抗力为目标，即加强动物应对感染的能力，而不是预防感染本身。越来越多的证据表明，非临床携带者(被感染并有传染性，但不会出现临床症状的动物)对各种传染病的牲畜种群的整体健康和生产做出了贡献。因此，我们强烈主张将重点从提高单个动物的疾病韧性转移到群体疾病韧性，作为家畜可持续疾病控制的适当目标。畜群疾病恢复力不仅反映了疫苗接种或宿主遗传对个体健康和生产性能的直接影响，而且还反映了对畜群成员所暴露的环境病原体负荷的间接影响。对于主要由畜群成员排出的传染性病原体引起的疾病，这些对畜群韧性的间接影响既由个体对感染的敏感性介导，也由影响病原体从感染者身上脱落的特征(感染力的大小、感染期的持续时间)中介。我们回顾了目前关于疫苗接种和选择性育种如何影响畜群疾病韧性及其潜在组成部分的已知情况，并概述了改进所需的变化。为此，我们还试图澄清和协调不同动物科学学科中使用的术语，以促进未来在牲畜传染病控制方面的合作方法。
Infectious diseases are a major threat to the sustainable production of high-producing animals. Control efforts, such as vaccination or breeding approaches often target improvements to individual resilience to infections, i.e., they strengthen an animal’s ability to cope with infection, rather than preventing infection per se. There is increasing evidence for the contribution of non-clinical carriers (animals that become infected and are infectious but do not develop clinical signs) to the overall health and production of livestock populations for a wide range of infectious diseases. Therefore, we strongly advocate a shift of focus from increasing the disease resilience of individual animals to herd disease resilience as the appropriate target for sustainable disease control in livestock. Herd disease resilience not only captures the direct effects of vaccination or host genetics on the health and production performance of individuals but also the indirect effects on the environmental pathogen load that herd members are exposed to. For diseases primarily caused by infectious pathogens shed by herd members, these indirect effects on herd resilience are mediated both by individual susceptibility to infection and by characteristics (magnitude of infectiousness, duration of infectious period) that influence pathogen shedding from infected individuals. We review what is currently known about how vaccination and selective breeding affect herd disease resilience and its underlying components, and outline the changes required for improvement. To this purpose, we also seek to clarify and harmonise the terminology used in the different animal science disciplines to facilitate future collaborative approaches to infectious disease control in livestock.
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